Lecture 16: Neuro

Question 1

What is ataxia

Answer 1

loss of coordination

Question 2

what is proprioception

Answer 2

innate understanding of limb position

Question 3

what is exteroception

Answer 3

other sensory information- pain, temperature, pressure

Question 4

what is paresis

Answer 4

partial loss of voluntary movement

Question 5

what is plegia

Answer 5

complete loss of voluntary movement (paralysis)

Question 6

proprioceptive deficits mean loss of __

Answer 6

sensory input from body to brain

Question 7

what are some signs of vestibular disease

Answer 7

asymmetric, tend to fall, tilt, lean to one side

Question 8

what are some signs of cerebellar disease

Answer 8

exaggerated movements +/- tremors

Question 9

what does the cerebrum do

Answer 9

cognitive center for planning/association, initiates motor activity

Question 10

what does brain stem do

Answer 10

integration center, executes motor activity, contains CN nuclei

Question 11

what does cerebellum do

Answer 11

modifies fine motor control (does not initiate)

Question 12

what are some signs of brain disease

Answer 12

altered mentation, ataxia, pacing/circling, cranial nerve deficits, balance disorders, seizures

Question 13

what provides ascending sensory input

Answer 13

proprioception, exteroception

Question 14

what are some signs of spinal cord disease

Answer 14

ataxia, paresis/paralysis (dragging, knuckling), altered spinal reflex, loss of deep pain, spinal pain

Question 15

what are some signs of neuromuscular disease

Answer 15

diffuse weakness, stiff gait, exercise intolerance, decreased reflexes x4

Question 16

are postural reactions normal or abnormal in neuromuscular disease

Answer 16

often normal (abnormal in brain and spinal cord dz)

Question 17

what are you evaluating when observing patient

Answer 17

mental status, gait/posture

Question 18

what are the terms of altered mentation to most responsive to least

Answer 18

1. Dull
2. Obtunded
3. Stuporous
4. Comatose

Question 19

what is difference between stuporous and comatose

Answer 19

stuporous- unconscious but reacts to stimuli

Comatose- unconscious with no response to stimuli

Question 20

what does mentally inappropriate mean

Answer 20

high level of consciousness but just not right

Question 21

circling, head tilt or turn is almost always towards or away from lesion?

Answer 21

towards

Question 22

What does placing/hopping asses

Answer 22

conscious proprioception

Question 23

abnormal CPs indicate problem where

Answer 23

spinal cord vs brain

Question 24

what do spinal reflexes assess

Answer 24

integrity of spinal cord segment

Question 25

t or f: reflexes occur independently of conscious control

Answer 25

true

Question 26

what does patellar reflex assess

Answer 26

femoral nerve, L4-L6

Question 27

what does withdrawal reflex assess

Answer 27

sciatic nerve, L6-S3 Front withdrawal- C6-T2

Question 28

what are UMN signs

Answer 28

hyperreflexia, spastic

Question 29

what are LMN signs

Answer 29

hyporeflexia, flaccid

Question 30

What deficits occur: UMN or LMN in thoracic and pelvic limbs with injury to C1-C5

Answer 30

UMN in both

Question 31

what deficits occur: UMN or LMN in thoracic and pelvic limb with injury to C6-T2

Answer 31

thoracic- LMN Pelvic- UMN

Question 32

what deficits occur: UMN or LMN in thoracic and pelvic limbs with injury to T3-L3

Answer 32

thoracic- normal Pelvic0 UMN

Question 33

what deficits occur: UMN or LMN in thoracic and pelvic limbs with injury to L4-S3

Answer 33

thoracic- normal L4-S3- LMN

Question 34

spinal reflexes are locally controlled, injury to thoracic intumescence (C6-T2 or L4-S3) results in __ reflexes to that limb

Answer 34

decreased (LMN)

Question 35

what does CN1 do

Answer 35

smell

Question 36

what does CN2 do

Answer 36

vision

Question 37

function of CN3

Answer 37

movement if eyeball and pupillary constriction

Question 38

Function of CN IV

Answer 38

extraocular muscles: dorsal oblique

Question 39

Function of CN V

Answer 39

sensation to face and chewing

Question 40

Function of CN VI

Answer 40

extraocular muscles- lateral rectus, retractor bulbi

Question 41

Function of CN VII

Answer 41

facial expression

Question 42

function of CN VIII

Answer 42

balance and hearing

Question 43

function of CN IX-XII

Answer 43

eating and swallowing

Question 44

what CN tested in menace

Answer 44

2 and 7

Question 45

when do young animals develop menace

Answer 45

12 weeks

Question 46

what CN in palpebral

Answer 46

5 and 7

Question 47

what cranial nerves with facial sensation

Answer 47

5 and 7

Question 48

what CN for PLR

Answer 48

2 and 3

Question 49

what CN for oculocephalic testing

Answer 49

8

Question 50

what CN for gag reflex

Answer 50

9 and 10

Question 51

what does cutaneous trunci reflex assess

Answer 51

lateral thoracic nerve T1-L4-5

Question 52

Cutaneous trunci are lost about __ to spinal lesion

Answer 52

1-2 segments caudal to spinal lesion

Question 53

what does perineal reflex and anal tone assess

Answer 53

pudendal nerve

Question 54

if patient is has deep pain they must __ not just withdrawal limb

Answer 54

consciously react to stimuli

Question 55

loss of conscious deep pain reaction implies __

Answer 55

functional transaction of spinal cord

Question 56

what is most important prognostic indicator for neuro exams

Answer 56

presence of deep pain

Question 57

t or f: positive withdrawal reflex means patient has deep pain sensation

Answer 57

false- just means reflex arc intact, does not mean feels it unless consciously reacts (head turn, bite, cry, dilate pupils)