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CATA 263 > lecture 17: intrto to special pops > Flashcards

lecture 17: intrto to special pops Flashcards

1
Q

what are the special populations

A

female atheletes
senior
athlets with physical and itnellectueal disability

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2
Q

what are some examples of athletes with physical and interllecttural disabi;lites

A

amputees
paralysis
CP
MS

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3
Q

what is the female athlete triad

A

low energy availability/disordered eatinng

bone loss/osteoporosis

menstrual distrubances/amenorrhea

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4
Q

what is amenorrhead

A

loss of menstral periods

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5
Q

under fuileding the body can lead to what in women

A

lowered estrogen production

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6
Q

what are some causes of amenorhea

A

Low body fat, weight loss, excessive exercise, vegetarian, chronic disease,
osteoporosis, infections etc.

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7
Q

what is oligomenorrhead

A

infrequent menstrual cycles (6-9 a years)

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8
Q

what is oligomenorrhea caused by

A

strenous acitvity and weightloss

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9
Q

what type of athleete women is at risk of oligomenorrhea

A

runenrs

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10
Q

what is dysmenorrhea

A

menstrual cramps

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11
Q

what is menorrhagia

A
  • Menstrual bleeding lasting longer than 7 days

* Heavy menstrual flow

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12
Q

what is menstral induced leg pain associated with

A

associated with ovulation

pre menstrual fluid retention

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13
Q

what is endometriosis

A

• Presence of uterine endometrial tissue outside of normal location

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14
Q

what are the SS of endometriosis

A

Severe pelvic pain, pain, dysmenorrhea, infertility- 10% of women

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15
Q

what condition can cause inferitlity

A

endometriosis

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16
Q

what are ovarian systs

A

benignn cysts around the ovary sysem

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17
Q

where can ovarian cyts develop

A

at site of ruptured ovarian follicle immediately after ocvulation

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18
Q

where can there be psin with ovarian cysts

A

Pelvic pain, low back pain, acute spastic abdominal pain

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19
Q

what is disordered deating

A 
not diagnosed with actual connfition 
subclinical levels (ex: making a wieight class)
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20
Q

what are 2 common eating disorders

A

anorexia nervosa

bullimia nervosia

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21
Q

what is anorexia nervosa

A

refusal to maintain weight at minimal normal level, severe fear or gaining weight, amenorrhea

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22
Q

what is bullimea nervosa

A

binge eating, compensatory behaviours to prevent weight
gain (i.e purging, excessive exercise), 2x/week for 3 months, self evaluation
overly influenced by body shape and weight

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23
Q

bullimia and anorexia is usually assocaited with what

A

mental health issues

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24
Q

90% of anorexia is diagnosed in what populatioinn

A

female atheltes

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25
what is osteopororis
decreased bone mass and strength
26
with osteoporosis, there is an increased risk of what
fractures (stress)
27
what are some common areas of frctures related ot osteoporosis
verttebral body, proximal femur and distal radius
28
when does cortical bone reach peak density
40 yrs
29
when does trabecular bone sttart having osteo
20 yrs
30
you lose blank percent of bone mass per year
1%
31
what are the risk factors of osteoporosis
* Low calcium intake * Sedentary life * Tobacco use * Being underweight * Amenorrhea related to bone density loss * Estrogen deficiency * Decreased bone mineral content
32
why is sedentary life a risk factor for osteo
nneed increase bone impact/stress mechanial loading on bone
33
what are the warning signs fo a female athlete triad?
• Frequent or unexplained injuries, especially stress fractures • Excessive or compulsive exercise • Change in performance (loss of strength, endurance, speed) • Impaired concentration • irregular menstrual cycles • Restrictive eating masked as “performance enhancing” meal plan • Use of weight loss products or supplements
34
what is a common warning sign for female athelte traid
irregular periods restrictive eating/weight loss supplemetns unexplained injuries
35
why is there increased joint laxity in pregnancy
increased hormones (ex: progesterone and relaxin)
36
what should you avoid when youre preg because of joint laxity
ballsitric movements
37
what are 4 reasons that PA is important for pregnancy
``` • Maintain level of tension • Avoid excessive weight gain • Avoid hypertension, water retention • Gestational Diabetesànot enough insulin to handle higher BG ```
38
what is gestratinal diabetes
`not enough | insulin to handle higher BG
39
why are women more likely to suffer from hypertension during pregnancy
water retention
40
why is it important to maintain level of tension on body during pregnancy
to activate the muscles and allow for jt stability
41
what are sme postural considerations for pregancy
increased weight on anterior side=kyphosis (need to increase strenght of back muscles) =may eventaully led to lordogtic kyphtoic posture
42
what is the exaecise prescription for pregnancy
30 min of more of PA (more previously healthy and uncomplicated preg) weight training for maintenance more than gain
43
how long post partum should you wait for exrecise
6 weeks
44
if you were sedentary before pregnancy its recommended to do 30 minutes of PA during pregangcy
no , that recommendation is for previously healthy | start slower
45
what is an absolute contnrindication for exercise with pregnancy
if there is a complicated pregnancy
46
wht are some causes of traumatic amputation
MVA, explosions, machinery, objects falling, getting | trapped
47
what are some cases for surgical amputations
if blood supply to an injured limb is lost (necrosis)
48
what is congenital amputation and waht is it caused by
birth without a part of limb or limbs (known to be caused by blood clots forming in the fetus causing restriction to developing limb
49
what is paralysis
inability tto move in part of most of the body
50
what are some reasons for paralysis in terms of an injury
Injury spinal cord (traumatic or congenital), spina bifida (congential defect of spine in which cord and meninges are exposed)
51
true or false: plants cannot lead to paralysis
false
52
what is an example of an illness that casuses paraylsis
post polio paralysis (viral disease)
53
what are some common injuries (repetive injuries) for wheelchair users
* Muscular strains and contusions * Sprains, tendinitis, bursitis * Blisters, calluses * Lacerations, abrasions, and cuts * Pressure sores * Arthritis and joint disorders * Fractures * Hand weakness or numbness * Hypo and hyperthermia
54
what are some common places for tendinitis in wheelchair users
shoulders and buceps
55
what are some common palces for bursitis in wheelchair users
medal and lateral epicondylitis
56
what si the problem with lack of senstation in paralysis
they may be injured and not feel it ex; pressure sores which can lead to infectiond)
57
what are the most common causes of visual impairment and blindess
uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts (WHO)
58
what are some cgallenges associated with visual imapirement
* Unseen barriers * Failure to be able to respond to visual cues (Require auditory assistance) * Thought to fatigue more quickly, as one sense is taken away
59
what is the most common problem for amputations
irritation at the junction of the amputated limb and the posthetic device
60
why is there Irritation at the junction of the amputated limb and prosthetic device
beccause of a decreased sensation increase risk of injection
61
what is CP
Non-progressive lesion or | malformation of the brain that interferes with normal brain development before, during or immediately after birth
62
CP damages what areas of the brain
the areas that control muscle tone and spinal reflexes
63
those with CP have a limited ability to do what
move and maintain posture and balalance
64
what is multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord)
65
what does MS disease attach and what does that cause
The disease attacks myelin, | the protective covering of the nerves, causing inflammation and often damaging the myelin
66
why is meylin necessary
for transmission of nerve impulses thru nerve fibers
67
is CP progressive?
no
68
is MS progressive
yes
69
what are some SS for MS
* Balance/Dizziness * Bladder/Bowel Dysfunction * Cognitive Impairment * Depression * Fatigue * Gait (difficulty in walking) * Optic neuritis * Pain * Paroxysmal (sudden/severe attack) Symptoms * Sensory Impairment, Numbness / Tingling * Sexual Dysfunction * Spasticity (see also Pain) * Tremor * Uhthoff's Phenomena (Heat Intolerance) * Weakness
70
• Uhthoff's Phenomena
Heat Intolerance)
71
what is the treatment for someone expereincing an MS attack after physical acitivtiy
cool body temp and incrase hydration to improve symptoms
72
what is the caue of Intellectual disability
idiopahtic (but thought to be inherited by person's parents)
73
what are some example of intellectual disability
downsydrome | fragile X
74
those with neurodevelopmental disroders have issues with what
disorderàIssues with conceptual skills, social skills and | practice skillsàIQs of 75 points of lower
75
what is the IQ for ID
75 or lower
76
what are some ways to identity intellectual disability young
limitations in adaptive behavior nd disability manifestied and documented prior to 18 years old
77
true or false; aging plats a role in neurological and musculoskseltal injureis
true
78
what are some neurological and musculosketal injuries associates with aging
* Decrease in density of collagen * Lower tissue elasticity * Deterioration of muscle fibers * Joint degeneration
79
what are some upper extremity and spinal considerations for the senior athlete
* Adhesive capsulitis * Subacromial bursitis * Subacromial impingement * Kyphosis * Lumbar disc herniation's and DDD
80
what arte some lower extremity considerations for the senior athlete
* Poor flexibility- strains * Muscle weaknesses and imbalances * IT band friction syndrome, bursitis * Degenerative meniscus tears * Osteoarthritis, osteochondral lesions * Plantar fasciitis- heel spurs * Fractures- falls

CATA 263 (17 decks)

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