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Medical Microbiology > Lecture 17 - Parasitology, Plasmodium sp., Malaria > Flashcards

Lecture 17 - Parasitology, Plasmodium sp., Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

Which are the most commonly discussed parasites?

A

protozoa and helminhs

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2
Q

How many new cases/year of malaria?

A

200-300 million

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3
Q

How many deaths/year are due to malaria?

A

2-3 million

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4
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of protozoal locomotion?

A

ameboid movement, flagellae, gliding motility (apicomplexa)

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5
Q

What is the mode of entry and exit for malaria?

A

both = insect bite

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6
Q

Are there any known vaccines to treat parasites?

A

not yet due to stages and forms; antibody response is low

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7
Q

What are 2 points of intervention in the human stage of the parasite life cycle?

A

chemoprophylaxis during maturation and other drugs during replication

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8
Q

What are 4 methods of intervention in the extra-human stage of the parasite life cycle?

A

bednets, insecticides, potable water, sanitation

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9
Q

Is plasmodium malariae a cosmopolitan or geographically restricted range of transmission?

A

geographically restricted

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10
Q

What is the reservoir of the plasmodium species?

A

infected humans

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11
Q

What is the mode of transmission of the plasmodium species?

A

vectorborne by the female Anopheles mosquito

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12
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of infections due to plasmodium species?

A

fever, chills, RBC lysis

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13
Q

What are the 2 stages in the life cycle of plasmodium species?

A

human and mosquito

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14
Q

What is the effect of hypoxia on parasite growth in Sickle Hemoglobin RBCs?

A

decrease in number of parasites because cannot live in hypoxic environments

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15
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

oxygen depletion

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16
Q

What are the 4 forms of Plasmodium species in blood cells?

A

gametocytes, schizont, trophozoite, early “ring” forms

17
Q

Which plasmodium species trophozoite and schizont form is not seen in peripheral blood?

A

plasmodium falciparum

18
Q

What is the trophozoite phase of Plasmodium species?

A

the activated stage, feeds off host, absorbs nutrients

19
Q

What is the schizont phase of the Plasmodium species?

A

cell division stage of gametocytes

20
Q

What are the 4 treatments against infections due to Plasmodium species

A

quinidine, chloroquine, coartem, malarone

21
Q

What are parasites? Eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic, single cell organisms

22
Q

What are helminhs?

A

eukaryotic multicellular worms, replicate outside of human host

23
Q

In which type of individuals does malaria often occur?

A

malnourished African children

24
Q

What 4 plasmodium protozoa species causes malaria in humans?

A

P. falciparium, P. ovale, P. vivax, P. malariae

25
Q

What factor in countries such as the United States makes the occurrence of malaria rare despite the presence of the Anopheles mosquito?

A

temperate climate

26
Q

Where in the mosquito does the sporozoite form of Plasmodium reside?

A

salivary glands of mosquito

27
Q

Within 30 minutes of injection of the Plasmodia into the human via mosquito, which type of cells does it first infect?

A

liver cells

28
Q

Where in the human body do Plasmodia mature? What is this cycle called?

A

hepatocellular cycle, matures in liver cells

29
Q

What are protozoa?

A

eukaryotic, single-celled, multiple hosts, vectors, environments = complex lifestyles

30
Q

What does “proto” and “zoa” mean?

A

first, animal

31
Q

What are the 2 classifications of protozoans?

A

life cycle and movement/locomotion

32
Q

Where does the parasite life cycle start in?

A

vector environment

33
Q

What is the infection of malaria mostly occur to?

A

people who travel

34
Q

What are the 3 types of transmission of Plasmodia?

A

blood-blood, vector, blood transfusion

35
Q

Which bodily tissues or fluids are Plasmodia found?

A

blood and liver tissues

36
Q

How many Plasmodia species causes malaria?

A

more than one, the others affect primates

37
Q

Which treatment are Plasmodia resistant to?

A

chloroquinone

Medical Microbiology (20 decks)

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