lecture 18: CN IX, X

Question 1

pt comes in with unilateral hypoacusis. During rinne, the patient hears tuning fork next to their ear 2x as long as they did over the mastoid
during weber, pt hears the tuning fork louder on the left side
what is diagnosis

Answer 1

neural hearing loss on right ear

Question 2

true or false, glossopharangela is a motor only n

Answer 2

false, it is mixed

Question 3

where does the glossophrangeal nerve emerge from the medulla

Answer 3

dorsal to the olives (inferior olivary nuclei)
=rostral to CN X rootlets

Question 4

the glossophrangeal n emerges ventral or dorsal to the olive

Answer 4

dorsal

Question 5

which is more rostral, glosso or vagus

Answer 5

glosso

Question 6

true or false, the glossipharangeal has every type of nuclei except branchial mtoor

Answer 6

false, except somatic motor

Question 7

what are the 5 types of nuclei involved in glosso n (general names)

Answer 7

visceral sensory
visceral motor
branchial motor

somatic sensory
special sensory

Question 8

majority of primary sensory neuron cell bodies of glosso n are located where

Answer 8

inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion

Question 9

where does the glossopharyngeal n exit the skull

Answer 9

via jugular foramen

Question 10

what nerves exit the skull via the jugular foramen

Answer 10

IX, X, XI

Question 11

is the visceral motor component of the glossopharyngeal n para or sympathetic

Answer 11

para

Question 12

where do preganglionic neurons of visceral motor component of the gloospharaneal n originate in the

Answer 12

preganglionic neurons originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus

Question 13

where does the visceral motor component of the glosso n travel after originating in the inferior salivatory nucleus

Answer 13

travels thru tympanic cavity, exits lesser petrosal foramen and enters foramen ovale

Question 14

foramen ovale holds the glossopharyngeal n (visceral motor components) and what other nerve

Answer 14

V3

Question 15

preganglionic parasymp neurons of visceral motor component of glosso synapse where with postganglionic neurons

Answer 15

in otic gangliont

Question 16

the visceral motor component of the glossopharyngeal n innervates what

Answer 16

parotid gland (causes salivation )

Question 17

true or false, the parotid gland and visceral motor component of glosso n are influenced by central control

Answer 17

true, influenced by hypothalamus and olfactory system

Question 18

know the passage of the glossopharangela n visceral motor component

Answer 18

.

Question 19

true or false, the cell bodies of the preganglioninc parasympathetic neurons of the visceral motor component of the glosso n have their cells bodies in the inferior glossopharyngeal nucleus

Answer 19

false, in the inferior salivatory nucleus

Question 20

true or false, the cell bodies of the preganglioninc neurons of the visceral sensory component of the glosso n have their cells bodies in the inferior glossopharyngeal nucleus

Answer 20

true

Question 21

where are the cell bodies of the preganglioninc neurons of the visceral sensory component of the glosso n located

Answer 21

have their cells bodies in the inferior glossopharyngeal nucleus

Question 22

visceral sensory information is collected by what two structures by the glossopharyngeal n

Answer 22

carotid body
carotid sinus

Question 23

where are the sensory receptors of primary neurons of the visceral sensory component of the glosso n located

Answer 23

carotid body and carotid sinus

Question 24

in the visceral sensory component of the glosso n, the primary sensory nuerons synapse where

Answer 24

in caudal part (visceral sensory part) or the nucleus solitaires

Question 25

true or false, in the visceral sensory component of the glosso n, the primary sensory nuerons synapse in rostral part (visceral sensory part) of the nucleus solitaires

Answer 25

false, caudal part

Question 26

after synapsing in caudal (visceral sensory) part of the nucleus solitaires, secondary neurons of glossopharangeal n project where

Answer 26

to hypothalamus and reticular fomration

Question 27

what is the function of having sensory receptors at carotid body in visceral sensory component of the glosso n

Answer 27

chemoreceptor organ at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery which allows us to detect 02, co2, ph in blood

Question 28

what is the carotid body

Answer 28

chemoreceptor organ at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery which allows us to detect 02, co2, ph in blood

Question 29

what is the function of having sensory receptors at carotid sinus in visceral sensory component of the glosso n

Answer 29

stretch receptors detect an increase in BP

Question 30

what is the carotid sinus

Answer 30

dilation of internal carotid artery

Question 31

what are the 5 names of the glossophrangeal nucleus and their type

Answer 31

nucleus ambiguous (branchial motor) inferior salivatory nucleus (visceral motor) nucleus solitarius (caudal) (visceral sensory) sensory trigeminal nucleus (somatic sensory) nucleus solitarius (rostral) (special sensory)

Question 32

the nucleus ambiguous of glosso nucleis is what type

Answer 32

branchial motor

Question 33

the inferior salivatory nucleus of glosso nucleis is what type

Answer 33

visceral motor

Question 34

the nucleus solitarius (caudal) of glosso nucleis is what type

Answer 34

visceral sensory

Question 35

the nucleus solitarius (rostral) of glosso nucleis is what type

Answer 35

special sensory

Question 36

the sensory trigeminal nucleus of glosso nucleis is what type

Answer 36

somatic sensory

Question 37

the glossopharyngeal nuclei are located in what general region of the brainstem

Answer 37

rostral medulla

Question 38

nucleus ambiggues has what function

Answer 38

goes to the sylophrangeus muscle to elevate and dilate pharynx for swallowing)

Question 39

what type of somatic information is being carried by glossopharyngeal n to the sensory trigeminal nucleis

Answer 39

feeling from posterior 1/3 of tongue and ear),internal surface of tympanic membrane, pharynx and tonsils

Question 40

what type of special sensory information is being carried by glossopharyngeal n nucleus solitarious

Answer 40

taste sensation for posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 41

what is the function of the Branchial motor nucleus of gloosphrangelan n

Answer 41

to stylopharyngess muscle

Question 42

what is the function of the visceral motor nucleus of gloosphrangelan n

Answer 42

goes to parotid gland

Question 43

what is the function of the visceral sensory nucleus of gloosphrangelan n

Answer 43

from carotid body and carotid sinus

Question 44

what is the function of the somatic sensation of gloosphrangelan n

Answer 44

from posterior 1/3 of tongue, skin of external ear and internal surface of tympanic membrane, tonsils and pharynx

Question 45

what is the function of the special sensation of gloosphrangelan n

Answer 45

taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 46

where does the vagus n emerge from the medulla

Answer 46

dorsal to the olives (caudal to the CN IX rootlets)

Question 47

primary sensory neuron c ell bodies for vagus n are located where

Answer 47

either in superior or inferior vagal ganglion

Question 48

primary sensory neuron cell bodies for somatic sensation for vagus n are located where

Answer 48

superior vagal ganglion

Question 49

primary sensory neuron cell bodies for visceral and special sensation for vagus n are located where

Answer 49

inferior vagal ganglion

Question 50

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of vagus n synapse in various ganglia where

Answer 50

in neck, thorax, abdomen, near target tissues

Question 51

where does the vagus n exit the skul

Answer 51

via jugular foramen

Question 52

what are the 3 major functions of the vagus n

Answer 52

1) motor control of swallowing 2) motor control of phonation 3) parasympathetic functions

Question 53

explain motor control of swallowing done by vagus n

Answer 53

vagus n innervates muscles of soft palate and pharynx (except stylophrayngeus (CN IX) and tensor vela palatine (V3)

Question 54

explain motor control of phonation (speech) done by vagus n

Answer 54

innervates intrinsic laryngeal m

Question 55

the intrinsic laryngeal muscles are responsible for what

Answer 55

phonation/speech

Question 56

explain the parasympathetic functions of the vagus n

Answer 56

innervates thoracic and abdominal organs (ex: bronchoconstriction, increase peristalsis, gastric secretions, decrease HR)

Question 57

in what general division of the brainstem are the vagus nuclei located

Answer 57

rostral medulla

Question 58

what is the branchial motor nucleus of the vagus nucleus

Answer 58

nucleus ambiggues

Question 59

what is the visceral motor nucleus of the vagus nucleus

Answer 59

dorsal motor nucleus

Question 60

what is the visceral sensory nucleus of the vagus nucleus

Answer 60

nucleus solitarius (caudal)

Question 61

what is the somatic sensory nucleus of the vagus nucleus

Answer 61

sensory trigmeinal nucleus

Question 62

what is the special sensory nucleus of the vagus nucleus

Answer 62

nucleus solitaries (rostral)

Question 63

what is the main difference of the nucleus ambiggues in the glosso vs vagus n

Answer 63

in glosso: goes to stylophrageal in vagus: goes to all other muscles of soft palate and pharybx and intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Question 64

visceral motor information is carried by what nuclei for the glosso? for the vagus

Answer 64

glosso: inferior slaivatory nucleus vagus: dorsal motor nucleus

Question 65

explain UMN control (corticonucleus) control of CN XI, and X

Answer 65

1) UMN in primary motor cortex (pre central gyrus, face area) 2) corona radiata 3) internal capsule (genu) 4) cerebral peduncle 5) synapse with LMN bilateral (in nucleus ambiguous)

Question 66

for UMN control, where do UMN synapse with LMN for CN IX and X

Answer 66

in nucleus ambiguous bilateral

Question 67

true or false, an UMN lesion unilaterally will have a big effect on the muscles of pharynx, larynx etc

Answer 67

false, it is receiving bilateral innervation

Question 68

taste is carried by what cranial n

Answer 68

CN VII IX and X

Question 69

taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and soft palate is what CN

Answer 69

CN VII

Question 70

CN VII carries taste from where

Answer 70

taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and soft palate is what CN

Question 71

taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue is what CN

Answer 71

CN IX

Question 72

CN IX carries taste from where

Answer 72

posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 73

taste from epiglottis and soft palate is carried from what n

Answer 73

CN X

Question 74

CN X carries taste from where

Answer 74

taste from epiglottis and soft palate

Question 75

explain the pathway for cranial n and taste

Answer 75

1) primary sensory neurones project to nucleus solitarius (rostral) 2) secondary nueorns project to ventral posterior medial nucleus 3) tertiary neurons project to cortex (primary gustatory cortex in insula and parietal and frontal operculum)

Question 76

what is the important thalamic nucleus for taste

Answer 76

ventral posterior medial nucleus (info coming from face)

Question 77

where is the primary gustatory crotex

Answer 77

mostly in insula also in parietal and frontal operculum (upper lip of lateral fissure(

Question 78

CN X branchial motor component elevates the soft palate during what

Answer 78

phonation (speech)

Question 79

CN X branchial motor component depresses the soft palate during what

Answer 79

swallowing

Question 80

how can you detect a unilateral lesion of CN X

Answer 80

open mouth and phonate =arch of soft palate will be dropped/flatteral on lesionied side (only able to elevate on unaffected side) =deviation of uvula away from affected side

Question 81

lesion to branchial motor component of left CN X will cause what symptoms

Answer 81

uvula deviates to contralateral side (deviate to right side) left soft palate will droop during phonation

Question 82

in a CN X lesion, the uvula will deviate towards what side with respect to lesion and wh

Answer 82

contralateral (will be going towards the good side that is pulling it up)

Question 83

in a CN X lesion, the palate will be drooping ipsilateral or contralateral to lesion during phonation

Answer 83

ipsilateral

Question 84

what is the stimulant and where for the gag reflex

Answer 84

it is an irritant located on posterior tongue or upper pharynx

Question 85

true or false, gag reflex involves only CN X

Answer 85

false, IX and X

Question 86

explain afferent limb of the gag reflex

Answer 86

nociceptive signals travel via CN IX =synapse in spinal trigeminal nucleus (somatic sensation) and caudal part of nucleus solitaries (visceral sensation)

Question 87

in the afferent limb of gag reflex, the nociceptive signals are carried via what n

Answer 87

glosso

Question 88

in the afferent limb of gag reflex, the nociceptive signals synapse in what two nuclei

Answer 88

=synapse in spinal trigeminal nucleus (somatic sensation) and caudal part of nucleus solitaries (visceral sensation)

Question 89

the interneurons of the gag reflex project to what nucleus

Answer 89

nucleus ambiguous bilaterally

Question 90

why do the interneurons project to nucleus ambiguous in the gag reglex

Answer 90

need to get the motor response of gagging

Question 91

explain the primary efferent limb of gag reflex

Answer 91

CN X goes to muscles of pharynx and palate

Question 92

what is the primary response of the gag reflex

Answer 92

elevation og the soft palate (open oral cavity to prevent it from going thry nano pahrynx) closure of glottis (close respiratory system) contraction of pharyngeal muscles to expel irritantw

Question 93

what are the additional signals of the gag reflex

Answer 93

get signals that go to motor trigimeinal nucleus (CN V3 to open jaw) and hypoglossal nucleus (CN XII to protrude tongue )

Question 94

add slides on lateral medullary syndrome)