Lecture 18: Neck 2

Question 1

primary blood supply to structures of head and neck is via what arteries (general)

Answer 1

common carotid

Question 2

supplemental blood supply to structures of head and neck is via

Answer 2

subclavian arteries

Question 3

what is the 1st branch off subclavian artery

Answer 3

vertebral artery

Question 4

vertebral artery: path, what it supplies (general)

Answer 4

passes through transverse foramina of C6-C1 but bypasses C7
branches to cervical vertebral muscles and spinal cord

Question 5

minor branches of subclavian (2)

Answer 5

deep cervical artery
superficial cervical artery

Question 6

what do deep and superficial cervical arteries supply (general)

Answer 6

structures of root of the neck

Question 7

what does common carotid artery divide into (2)

Answer 7

internal carotid
external carotid

Question 8

where does common carotid divide into 2 branches

Answer 8

at the hyoid

Question 9

which carotid supplies the brain

Answer 9

internal

Question 10

what does the external carotid supply (general)

Answer 10

most of the regions of the head

Question 11

what does the common carotid supply in the neck (general)

Answer 11

viscera and ventral musculature

Question 12

what is the first branch off external carotid that supplies portion of thyroid

Answer 12

cranial thyroid artery

Question 13

carotid sinus: definition, what does it contain

Answer 13

dilation of origin at internal carotid artery
contains baroreceptors

Question 14

carotid body: definition/location, what does it contain

Answer 14

small mass next to carotid sinus
contains chemoreceptors

Question 15

path of internal carotid artery

Answer 15

goes directly to the skull where it enters skull and passes through carotid canal

Question 16

what artery passes through carotid canal

Answer 16

internal carotid

Question 17

internal carotid in ruminants

Answer 17

obliterates and disappears completely

Question 18

4 branches of external carotid artery that supply cervical structures

Answer 18

cranial laryngeal
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
occipital

Question 19

most blood drainage of head is through what veins

Answer 19

jugular

Question 20

2 jugular veins

Answer 20

internal
external

Question 21

external jugular vein: definition, formed by, clinical importance

Answer 21

primary drainage of head and neck including superficial and deep regions
formed by 2 superficial veins
popular for venipuncture

Question 22

internal jugular vein: definition, function, pairs with what artery

Answer 22

small and little importance
deep venous drainage
pairs with common carotid artery

Question 23

path of external jugular vein

Answer 23

formed near edge of mandible –> crosses over sternocephalicus –> dives deep to brachiocephalicus to contribute to formation of cranial vena cava

Question 24

location of external jugular vein in horses

Answer 24

in jugular groove between brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus

Question 25

superficial drainage of neck is via what lymph nodes

Answer 25

superficial cervical

Question 26

location of superficial cervical lymph nodes

Answer 26

deep to superficial neck muscles cranial to shoulder

Question 27

deep drainage of neck is via what lymph nodes

Answer 27

deep cervical

Question 28

location of deep cervical lymph nodes (runs parallel to what vein?)

Answer 28

run along length of trachea paralle to internal jugular vein

Question 29

size of superficial vs deep cervical lymph nodes

Answer 29

superficial are larger

Question 30

drainage of head and neck: right vs left side

Answer 30

left side: drainage joins thoracic duct right side: drainage joins right lymphatic duct

Question 31

3 categories of nerves found in neck

Answer 31

cervical spinal nerves cranial nerves autonomic nerves

Question 32

what 3 cranial nerves pass through jugular foramen

Answer 32

CN IX/glossopharyngeal CN X/vagus CN XI/accessory

Question 33

cranial nerve that passes through hypoglossal canal

Answer 33

CN XII/hypoglossal

Question 34

2 major cervical spinal nerves

Answer 34

ansa cervicalis C2 through C4/C5

Question 35

ansa cervicalis: definition, innervation provided to

Answer 35

loop of nerves (C1 and C2) from ventral ramus that joins with fibers carries by hypoglossal nerve only motor innervation to caudal hyoid group no sensory

Question 36

2 nerve branches from ventral ramus of C2

Answer 36

great auricular nerve transverse cervical nerve

Question 37

C2-C5 ventral rami nerves: location through what muscle, what kind of innervation is provided

Answer 37

go through omotransversarius motor and sensory innervation to neck

Question 38

vagosympathetic trunk: type of nerves, definition, location

Answer 38

autonomic nerves cervical sympathetic chain shares fascial cover with vagus nerve located in carotid sheath

Question 39

2 groups of autonomic nerves in neck

Answer 39

vagosympathetic trunk cranial cervical ganglion

Question 40

cranial cervical ganglion

Answer 40

sympathetic ganglion for most of head and neck postganglionics distribute along cranial nerves and periarterial plexuses around both carotid arteries

Question 41

viscera of the neck (4)

Answer 41

salivary glands pharynx larynx thyroid

Question 42

2 salivary glands in neck

Answer 42

parotid mandibular

Question 43

thyroid gland: definition, location, blood supply

Answer 43

endocrine gland located along sides of proximal trachea cranial and caudal thyroid arteries (from brachiocephalic) anastamose dorsal to thyroid

Question 44

cranial vs caudal thyroid vein drains to

Answer 44

cranial --> internal jugular caudal --> internal jugular OR brachiocephalic

Question 45

2 parathyroid glands

Answer 45

cranial caudal

Question 46

lobes of thyoid gland are associated with

Answer 46

cranial and caudal parathyroid glands

Question 47

caudal gland of parathyroid is embedded in

Answer 47

thyroid tissue

Question 48

thyroid isthmus: definition/function, presence in ruminants vs dogs

Answer 48

additional tissue that bridges the 2 lobes ventral to trachea found in cattle, pigs, horses variably present in dogs