Lecture 19 9/22/23

Question 1

What structures fall into the blood vessel category?

Answer 1

-arteries
-veins
-capillaries

Question 2

What are the three layers of a blood vessel wall?

Answer 2

-tunica intima
-tunica media
-tunica adventitia

Question 3

What are the characteristics of the tunica intima?

Answer 3

-spindle-shaped endothelial cells
-in contact with lumen/blood
-internal elastic lamina/membrane

Question 4

What are the characteristics of the tunica media?

Answer 4

-mostly smooth muscle
-thickness varies
-can have elastic fibers and/or external elastic lamina

Question 5

What are the characteristics of the tunica adventitia?

Answer 5

-dense collagen surrounding vessel that transitions into loose
-blends with surrounding tissue
-anchors blood vessel
-may include vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum in larger vessels
-may contain adipose tissue

Question 6

What are arteries?

Answer 6

high pressure vessels that take blood away from the heart

Question 7

What are the characteristics of elastic arteries?

Answer 7

-include aorta and largest branches
-tunica media contains lots of elastin
-need to be able to stretch

Question 8

What are the characteristics of muscular arteries?

Answer 8

-medium-sized
-muscular tunica media
-most common
-3 or more layers of smooth muscle in wall

Question 9

What are the characteristics of arterioles?

Answer 9

-less than 3 layers of smooth muscle in wall
-small
-innervated by sympathetic NS
-regulate blood flow into capillaries via pre-capillary sphincter
-determine amount of blood that goes to each tissue

Question 10

What are capillaries?

Answer 10

endothelium and basement membrane only

Question 11

What are the characteristics of capillaries?

Answer 11

-where oxygen, nutrient, and carbon dioxide diffuse
-associated with nearly every cell
-RBCs are single file in lumen
-most numerous vessel

Question 12

What are the three types of capillary?

Answer 12

-continuous
-fenestrated
-discontinuous

Question 13

What are the characteristics of continuous capillaries?

Answer 13

-complete basement membranes
-tight junctions between cells
-allow for gas transport

Question 14

What tissues have continuous capillaries?

Answer 14

-muscle
-brain
-lung

Question 15

What are the characteristics of fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 15

-complete basement membrane
-holes in endothelial cells
-substantial transport of fluids, ions, hormones, and nutrients

Question 16

What tissues have fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 16

-intestine
-glomeruli
-endocrine glands

Question 17

What are the characteristics of discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 17

-incomplete basement membrane and endothelial cells
-allow for passage of large molecules and whole cells

Question 18

What tissues have discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 18

-liver
-spleen
-lymph nodes
-bone marrow
-placenta

Question 19

How does inflammation impact the passage of cells through capillaries?

Answer 19

during inflammation, cells can pass through any capillary as long as appropriate receptor binding occurs

Question 20

What are veins?

Answer 20

low pressure vessels that take blood towards the heart

Question 21

What are the characteristics of venules?

Answer 21

-thin walled
-lack tunica media

Question 22

What are the characteristics of medium-sized veins?

Answer 22

-thin, muscular tunica media
-valves for one way flow
-irregularly shaped due to less smooth muscle

Question 23

What are the characteristics of large veins?

Answer 23

-thin, muscular tunica media
-valves

Question 24

Which large veins DO NOT have valves?

Answer 24

-hepatic portal vein
-vena cavae