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CATA 263 > lecture 19: environmental considerations > Flashcards

lecture 19: environmental considerations Flashcards

1
Q

Density of air decreases progressively with what

A

ascension above sea level

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2
Q

at higher altitudes, what happnes to the partial pressure of o2

A

decrased partial pressure of ambient oxygen

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3
Q

what are the 3 altitude considerations

A
  • Density of air decreases progressively with ascension above sea level
  • Decreased partial pressure of ambient oxygen
  • Increases difficulty to deliver oxygen to working muscles
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4
Q

true or false: at higher altitudes it is easier to deleiver oxygen to working muscles

A

false, it is harder

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5
Q

what is acute mounttain sickness

A

hypoxia at high altitudes

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6
Q

how do you get acute mountain sikcness

A

Rapid ascent (<24hours) to altitudes above 8,200ft

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7
Q

what are the SS of acute mountainn sickness

A

4-8 hours after arriving, headache*, dizziness, fatigue, nausea,
vomiting, suppressed appetite, insomnia, dyspnea, decreased
urine output, tachycardia

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8
Q

why do you get tachycardia in acute mountain sickness

A

heart is pumping more trying to get more oxygen to muscles

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9
Q

what is the management of acute mountain sickness

A

reduction in altitude, acclimatization, physical

conditioning, diets high in CHO and low in salt, avoid alcohol

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10
Q

what is a secondary complication of acute mountain sickness

A

High altitude cerebral edema or pulmonary edema

=medical emergencies

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11
Q

what is hypoatremia

A

low blood Na+

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12
Q

can you get hypoatremia from execise

A

yes

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13
Q

why can exercising lead to low blood Na+

A

Drinks excessive amounts of water, thus diluting the Na+
content of blood

• Also loss of Na+ through sweat

Arginine vasopressin (aka. Antidiuretic hormone)
• Increased fluid reabsorption
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14
Q

what are the SS of hypoatremia

A

headache, confusion, nausea, cramping, bloating stomach, LOC
altered, significant mental compromise, swelling in the extremities,
seizures

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15
Q

what is the heat stress index

A

measure of ambient air temp, humidity and solar radient enerby

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16
Q

if there is a higher heat stress index, that increases the risk of what

A

heat related illness

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17
Q

what does black glove temp measure

A

radiant energy temp

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18
Q

what does ambient temp measure

A

air temperetaire

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19
Q

what measures all 3 (air temp, humidity and solar radient)

A

wet bulb temp

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20
Q

explain wet bulb temperature

A

temperature recorded by a thermometer bulb

surrounded by a wet wick

21
Q

explain the green flag colour for the WBGT

A

low level of risk playing
less than 18 degrees
r

22
Q

explain the yellow flag colour for the WBGT

A

18-23
moderal risk
risk increases as day goes on

23
Q

explain the red flag colour for the WBGT

A

23-28
high risk
should be aware of complciations, at risk pops should not compete

24
Q

higexplain the black flag colour for the WBGT

A

greater than 28 degrees
extreme or hazordous risk
=consider rescheduling or be on high alert

25
what are heat cramps
Painful, involuntary muscle spasms caused by excessive water and electrolyte loss.
26
what is heat syncompe
Heat syncope: is a fainting (syncope) episode or dizziness that usually occurs with prolonged standing or sudden rising from a sitting or lying position
27
what are some factors that may contribute to heat syncope
Factors that may | contribute to heat syncope include dehydration and lack of acclimatization
28
in heat exhasutrion body temp does not exceed what
40 degrees
29
in heeat stroke, temp rises to what
40.6
30
know the diff bectween heat exaustrion and heat stroke
..
31
how many practices should you have 1-5 days during acclimatization
1
32
how many practices should you have 6-14 days during acclimatization
2 per day only every other eye day
33
what should the equipment be for days 1-2 for heat acclimatization
helemts only
34
what should the equipment be for days 3-5 for heat acclimatization
helmets and shoulder pads
35
what should the equipment be for days 6-14 for heat acclimatization
full equip
36
what should the max duration of the practice be be for days 1-5 for heat acclimatization
3 hours
37
what should the max duration of the practice be be for days 6-14 for heat acclimatization
3 hours (max 5 hours if double preacice)
38
what should the contact be for days 1-2 for heat acclimatization
no contactt
39
what should the contact be for days 3-5 for heat acclimatization
contact only with blocking sleds/dummies
40
what should the contact be for days 6-14 for heat acclimatization
full 100% contact and live drills
41
what is the treatment for muscle cramps
* Replace lost fluids (sodium containing fluids) | * Mid, passive stretching
42
what is the treatment for heat exhaustrion and stroke
• Rapid cooling of the body (approx. 0.2C/minute) • Gold standard: Ice immersion (1-15C or 35-59F) • If ice immersion is not available, wet, ice towels, fans, crushed ice packs on neck, axilla and groin, cool mist machines • Electrolytes/fluids if person is conscious
43
if ice immersion is not availabl for heat exhaustaion, what should you do instrad
• If ice immersion is not available, wet, ice towels, fans, crushed ice packs on neck, axilla and groin, cool mist machines
44
what is the gold standard tttreatment for heat exhaustrion and stroke
ice immesions
45
lihghtning tto thunder occurs withing how long
30 s
46
during thundersttorms, under cetrain conditions, activties can contrinue
false, in tthunder all outdoor activtiies must end
47
how long should you wait before resoming activtiy after thunersttrom
Wait at least 30 minutes after the last sound of thunder or lightning flash to resume activity
48
what should you do if you are caught outdoors in a tthunderstrtom
crouched on the ground, do not lie flat on the | ground

CATA 263 (17 decks)

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