Lecture 19: GI Pharm II Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 19: GI Pharm II Deck (14)
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1
Q

Four causes of gastroparesis

A

Diabetes, thyroid disorder, CT disorders (scleroderma), pregnancy

2
Q

Classes of anti-emetics

A

Central muscarinic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, serotinergic (5-HT3)

3
Q

Phenothiazines: mechanism and AEs, example

A

Block D2 receptors in CTZ; PD-like effects, chlorpromazine

4
Q

Buytrophenones: mechanism, and AEs, example

A

Block D2 receptors; PD-like effects, halperidol

5
Q

5-HT3 antagonists: mechanism, side effect, examples

A

Inhibit 5-HT at 5-HT3 receptor in CTZ and SI; causes constipation, ondansetron (and other setrons, note that ondansetron is a majorly used anti-emetic)

6
Q

Anti-diarrheals: examples and goal of therapy

A

Loperamide, diphenoxylate w/ atropine, codeine; reduce small bowel TRANSIT TIME to allow for proper absorption

7
Q

Octreotide: mechanism, use

A

Somatostain analogue which reduces secretion; most useful in inhibiting release of hormones due to neuroendocrine tumor

8
Q

Clonidine: mechanism, use, SEs

A

Alpha-2 adrenergic stimulation increases electrolyte absorption/inhibits secretion, most commonly used during narcotic withdrawal; causes hypotension

9
Q

What cells release 5-HT in the gut? Effects of 5-HT? Drug receptor targets?

A

Enterochromaffin cells; stimulates motility and secretion; 5-HT3/5-HT4

10
Q

Alosetron: mechanism, use, AE

A

Antagonism of 5-HT3 for treatment of IBS diarrhea; rare cause of ischemic colitis

11
Q

Constipation: what do we want to do? Describe ion transport.

A

Increase Cl- secretion; basolaterally via Na/K/2Cl, exits apically via CFTR, and type 2 Cl- channel (CIC-2)

12
Q

Cl secretion is increased/decreased by activation of cAMP, cGMP, Ca2+

A

Increased

13
Q

Lubiprostone: mechanism

A

PGE derivate selective on type 2 Cl- channel (CIC-2), enhancing Cl- secretion

14
Q

Linactolide: mechanism

A

Agonist of GC –> cGMP –> CFTR –> Cl- secretion