Lecture 2-3- Embryology Basics

Question 1

Which type of pathology examines tissues OUT of context (FNA, scrapes, smears, UA, serum profiles)

Answer 1

Clinical pathology

Question 2

Which type of pathology examines tissues IN context (biopsies, necropsies)

Answer 2

Anatomic pathology

Question 3

Which type of pathology will have flattened cells instead of cut cells?

Answer 3

Clinical Pathology

Question 4

What is a tissue abnormality called?

Answer 4

Lesion

Question 5

What is gastrulation

Answer 5

Formation of many lobes after cleavage

Question 6

What is the fluid-filled cavity within a blastocyst?

Answer 6

Blastocoele

Question 7

What are the three layers of the inner cell mass?

Answer 7

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 8

What does the ectoderm become?

Answer 8

Skin and nervous system

Question 9

What does the mesoderm become?

Answer 9

Bone, muscles, connective tissue, circulatory system

Question 10

What does the endoderm become?

Answer 10

Lining of GI and resp tracts, liver

Question 11

What is a cyst?

Answer 11

An enodthelially-lined, fluid-filled mass

Question 12

What is a hyperplasia vs a neoplasia?

Answer 12

both are increased cell number/growth. Hyperplasias result in cells that proliferate, but still respond to some signals. Neoplasias do not respond to signals.

Question 13

What do neoplasms end in?

Answer 13

-oma

Question 14

What is a benign neoplasm or ectodermal origin?

Answer 14

adenoma

Question 15

What is a benign neoplasm of endodermal origin?

Answer 15

Adenoma

Question 16

What is a benign neoplasm or mesodermal origin?

Answer 16

Fibroma

Question 17

What is a malignant neoplasm of ectodermal or endodermal origin?

Answer 17

carcinoma

Question 18

What is a malignant neoplasm of mesodermal origin?

Answer 18

Sarcoma

Question 19

What is a mass with components of all three germ layers?

Answer 19

Teratoma

Question 20

What does the notochord become and what is it made of

Answer 20

Vertebral column, made of mesoderm

Question 21

What does the neural tube become and what is it made of?

Answer 21

Brain/spinal cord, made of ectoderm

Question 22

What comes off of the ectoderm when the neural tube is formed?

Answer 22

Neural crest cells

Question 23

What is within the lumen of the neural tube?

Answer 23

CSF

Question 24

What is failure of neural tube closure called?

Answer 24

Spina bifida

Question 25

What do neural crest cells become?

Answer 25

Melanocytes, schwann cells, and autonomic ganglion cells

Question 26

Name of failure for neural crest cell migration in horses

Answer 26

Lethal white foal syndrome

Question 27

Benign melanocyte tumor

Answer 27

Melanocytoma

Question 28

Malignant melanocyte tumor

Answer 28

Malignant melanocytoma

Question 29

Four extra-embryonic layers

Answer 29

Amnion Yolk sac Allantois Chorion

Question 30

Sac around the fetus

Answer 30

Amnion

Question 31

Sac or nutrients connected to the fetus

Answer 31

Yolk sac

Question 32

Sac surrounding the amniotic sac

Answer 32

Allantoic sac

Question 33

Disc of connection between the allantois and the outside

Answer 33

chorion

Question 34

Which extra-embryonic membranes are connected?

Answer 34

Yolk sac (digestive system) and allantois

Question 35

What separates the fetal GI tracts from being a cloaca

Answer 35

Urorectal septum

Question 36

What is the cord that discharges the GI and urinary tracts through the umbillicus until birth

Answer 36

Urachus

Question 37

What does a patent urachus cause

Answer 37

Urine dribbling from umbilicus

Question 38

What will the urachus become after birth

Answer 38

the urachal ligament

Question 39

What causes an umbilical hernia

Answer 39

Patent out-pouching of intestines through the umbilicus

Question 40

What is atresia ani

Answer 40

Anus does not form

Question 41

What is the parenchyma

Answer 41

Key functional elements of an organ

Question 42

What is stroma

Answer 42

Supportive framework of an organ

Question 43

What tissue forms the kidneys?

Answer 43

Mesoderm

Question 44

What do the mesonephric duct and tubules become?

Answer 44

tubular genitalia

Question 45

What do the mesonephros become

Answer 45

Gonads

Question 46

Clumps of mesoderm surrounded by endothelium form what?

Answer 46

Blood islands that will become the circulatory system

Question 47

What structure separates the atria?

Answer 47

Septum primum

Question 48

What structure separates the ventricles?

Answer 48

Intra-ventricular sulcus

Question 49

What organs are bypassed in fetal blood circualtion?

Answer 49

Lungs and liver

Question 50

What structure allows fetal blood to bypass the liver?

Answer 50

Ductus venous

Question 51

What structure allows blood to pass between the atria?

Answer 51

Foramen ovale

Question 52

What structure diverts fetal blood away from the lungs and into the aorta?

Answer 52

Ductus arteriosus

Question 53

What does the umbilical vein become after birth?

Answer 53

Falciform ligament

Question 54

What does the umbilical artery become after birth?

Answer 54

Round ligaments of the bladder

Question 55

What does the pink tissue between the falciform and round ligaments become after birth?

Answer 55

Urachal ligamant

Question 56

What des the notochord become?

Answer 56

intervertebral discs