Lecture 2 Flashcards Preview

Med micro > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lecture 2 Deck (34)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what are two types of Prokaryotic cells ?

A

Bacterial

Archaeal

2
Q

Do Prokaryotic cells have internal membranous organelle ?

A

No

3
Q

Is Translation and Transcription separated in Prokaryotic cells

A

No

because nuclear envelope is not present

4
Q

Is Bacteria Haploid or Diploid?

A

Haploid

5
Q

Define Plasmids

A

double stranded DNA molecules, circular, independent of chromosome
carry genes, sometimes useful bout not needed for basic living

6
Q

Do bacterial cells have sterols?

A

No

except mycoplasma cells (they still their sterols)

7
Q

What does the cell membrane in eukaryotes contain?

A

Transport protein for uptake and release of materials

ion pumps to create and maintain membrane potential

8
Q

Define Quorum Sensing

A

method for communication between bacteria that rely on secretion of and detection of small signaling molecules

9
Q

Where is the cell wall found in Prokaryotes ?

A

Outside of the cell membrane

10
Q

What is the size of Bacterial Ribosomes?

A

70s formed os 30s and 50s

30s contain 16s rRNA

11
Q

Where does the Glycolitic , PP and ED pathways occur?

A

Cytoplasmic Matrix ( between cell membrane and nucleic )

12
Q

Where does the TCA cycle occur?

A

Cytoplasmic matrix

13
Q

What is Flagella?

A

Rope-like propellers that extend beyond the cell wall, formed of protein(flagellin)
energy rotation comes from electromotive force

14
Q

What are Spirochates?

A

helical Gram-negativr bacteria with endoflagella

rotation: flexing and spinning movements

15
Q

Define PILI and FIMBRIAE

A

thinner that flagella and also extend beyond the cell wall

formed of protein PILIN used for attachment

16
Q

How prokaryotic cells transport molecules?

A

they use transmembrane channels for large molecules to cross their membranes

17
Q

Why Gram Negative bacteria have a problem when it comes to transporting molecules?

A

They possess outer membrane that prevents them from transportation since the protein already have folded in periplasmic space

18
Q

What are the protein in Prokaryotes that are homologous to Actin and Tubulin in Eukaryotes?

A

Tubulin homolog —binds and hydrolyzes GTP
important in bacterial cell division

Actin homolog —affects cel shape Bacilus subtitles

19
Q

What is the location of a cell wall in Prokaryotes?

A

just outside of the cell membrane

20
Q

Bacterial cell wall contain Peptidoglycan

True/False

A

True

21
Q

Archaeal Cell walls lack Peptidoglycan

True/ False

A

True

but they still stain gram position and negative

22
Q

Define VOLUTIN

A

storage form of polyphosphate

23
Q

Define Glycocolax

A

Capsules and slim layers outside of the cell wall
not need for growth
important for survival in a host organism

24
Q

Define Biofilms

A

organized layers of microbe cells associated with surfaces

25
Q

What is the function of Peptidoglycan?

A

Provides the structure and shape and protects the cell from osmotic forces
assists some cells in to other cells
unique to bacteria

26
Q

What two carriers are needed for Synthesis of Peptidoglycan?

A

UDP

Bactoprenol

27
Q

Effect of Penicilin use during Peptidoglycan synthesis

A

inhibition of the transpeptidation reaction

28
Q

Effect of Bacitracin use during Peptidoglycan synthesis

A

blockage of dephosphorilation of bactophenol pyrophosphate

29
Q

Effect of Cycloserine use during Peptidoglycan synthesis

A

blockage of conversion of L alanine to D alanine

30
Q

Effect of Vancomycin use during Peptidoglycan synthesis

A

inhibits transpeptidation reaction only for the bacteria having D-alanine D-alanine terminal dipeptide

31
Q

Why Gram Positive Bacteria stains purple ?

A

because the thick peptidoglycan retains crystal violet dye

32
Q

can you use Gram staining for Acid-fast bacteria?

A

no because their cell wall also contains waxy lipids

it would stain both

33
Q

What is Lipopolysacharide used for ?

A

it is used to classify bacteria

34
Q

gram positive vs Gram negative basal bodies

A

Gram negative 4

Gram positive 2