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COM: Neuro (Exam I) > Lecture 2: Cranial Nerves & Craniofacial Autonomics > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Cranial Nerves & Craniofacial Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Name the superficial cervical nerves

A

Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular

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2
Q

From what vertebral segments do the superior root versus inferior root of the ansa cervicalis come from?

A

Superior root = C1-2

Inferior root = C2-3

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3
Q

What vertebral segments contribute to the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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4
Q

What type of pain do general somatic afferent fibers relay?

A

Sharp, highly localized sensations -> go to skin (ectodermal origin)

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5
Q

What type of pain do general viscera afferent fibers convey?

A

Dull, aching, burning, poorly localized sensations -> pain from viscera (endodermal origin)

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6
Q

What type of nerve fibers innervate structures of myotomic origin?

A

General somatic efferent fibers

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7
Q

What type of nerve fibers are components of the ANS and innervate smooth muscle and glands and may be sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

General visceral efferent fibers

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8
Q

What complex is the sensory nucleus for all sensations from the face? WHat type of fibers are these?

A

Trigeminal sensory complex; general sensory afferent fibers

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9
Q

What is the solitary nucleus?

A

The sensory nucleus for general sensations from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue to the mid-portion of the transverse colon

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10
Q

What type of nerve fibers arise from the solitary nucleus?

A

General visceral afferent **

  • Sensory visceral afferent (taste) too
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11
Q

Name the 4 nuclei that convey general somatic efferents to the head and neck

A 
Oculomotor nucleus 
Trochlear nucleus (IV)
Abducens nucleus (VI)
Hypoglossal nucleus (XII)
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12
Q

What does the oculomotor nucleus innervate?

A

Superior, inferior and medial recti

Nferior oblique

Levator palpebrae superioris muscles

**All is branches of the oculomotor nerve*

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13
Q

What does the trochlear nucleus innervate?

A

The superior oblique muscle

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14
Q

What does hte abducens nucleus innervate?

A

Lateral rectus muscle

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15
Q

What does the hypoglossal nucleus innervate?

A

All muscles associated with the tongue, except the palatoglossus

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16
Q

What are symptoms of a damaged vagus nerve?

A

Dysphonia
Dysphagia
Dyspnea
Loss of gag or laryngeal cough reflex **

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17
Q

What are symptoms of a lesion to the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

A

Loss of gag reflex
Slight dysphagia
Loss of sensation in pharynx and posterior 1/3 of tongue

18
Q

What are symptoms of lesions to the spinal accessory nerve?

A

Ipsilateral inability to shrug shoulder and flex and rotate the head

19
Q

What are symptoms of lesions to the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Deviation of the protruded tongue towards the affected side

20
Q

Fibers from the nucleus ambiguus exit the brainstem with cranial portion of __________ nerve and anastomose with ________ nerve at the jugular foramen

A

XI(spinal accessory) ; Vagus nerve

21
Q

What causes vernet’s syndrome?

A

Basilar skull fracture invoving the jugular foramen

**this syndrome is when there is ipsilateral paralysis of IX, X, XI

22
Q

What causes collet-Sicard’s(Villaret’s) syndrome?

A

Penetrating injury to retroparotid region -> secondary to missile or penetrating injuries

**This syndrome is characterized by lesions of IX-XII and cervical sympathetic trunk*

23
Q

Where is the cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk located and what type of fibers are found here?

A

Posterior to common carotid and anterior to longus colli and capitus muscles; preganglionic sympathetic fibers

24
Q

What type of neurons are located in teh cervical sympathetic ganglia?

A

Postganglionic

25
Q

Where do Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head and neck originate from and here is this located?

A

Originate from postganglionic sympathetic neurons located in one of the cervical sympathetic ganglia -> postganglionic fibers from nerve plexuses course in the tunica adventitia of blood vessels or join with cervical or cranial nerves. They innervate blood vessels, SM and glands of the head and neck

26
Q

Where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers of the head and neck originate?

A

In preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies located in the intermediolateral cell column of T1-2

27
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head and neck originate in preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies located inthe intermediolateral cell column of T1-2. Where do these fibers exit and terminate?

A

Exit the spinal cord via the ventral root, travel thorugh the white ramus to the sympathetic trunk, where they ascend in the sympathetic chain before terminating in one of the cervical sympathetic ganglia

28
Q

T/F: There are no postganglionic sympathetic fibers in the head

A

False! There are NO PREganglionic sympathetic fibers in the head

29
Q

What are the 4 structures that arise from the internal carotid plexus?

A

Perivascular plexuses

Sympathetic branch to the ciliary ganglion

Deep petrosal nerve

Carotico-tympanic nerve

30
Q

The carotico-tympanic nerve arises from the internal carotid plexus. What does it innervate?

A

Parotid gland

31
Q

The deep petrosal nerve arises from the internal carotid plexus. What does it innervate?

A

Palate
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Lacrimal

32
Q

The sympathetic branch to the ciliary ganglion arises from the internal carotid plexus. What does it innervate?

A

Dilator pupillae and tarsal muscles

33
Q

What is horner’s syndrome?

A

A common syndrome of spinal cord and neck trauma. May be caused by interruption of hte cervical sympathetic trunk, transaction of spinal cord above T1, or hemisection of spinal cord above T1 (ipsilateral horner’s syndrome)

Effects are usually transient

This will be on the exam

34
Q

What are the symptoms of horner’s syndrome?

A

Slight PCOS is of upper eyelid due to paralysis of tarsal m

Pupillary constriction due to paralysis of dilator pupillae m

Anhidrosis and blushing (vasodilation) of the skin on the face due to loss of sympathetic innervation of the blood vessels

Enophthalamos due to paralysis of the orbitalis m of Muller who’s has a slight protrusion function

35
Q

The ending ER-Westphalia nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the _________ ganglion, which then sends postganglionic fibers where?

A

Ciliary ganglion -> sends postganglionic fibers to the ciliary muscles of the lens and the sphincter pupillae muscles of the iris

36
Q

The superior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers where?

A

To the sphenopalatine and submandibular ganglia

37
Q

The superior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the sphenopalatine and submandibular ganglia, which then send postganglionic fibers where?

A

Sphenopalatine send fibers to lacrimal gland*, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, palate and orbit

Submandibular sends fibers to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

38
Q

Where does the inferior salivatory nucleus send preganglionic fibers to?

A

The otic ganglion

39
Q

The inferior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion which then sends postganglionic fibers where?

A

To the parotid gland

40
Q

Where does the dorsal motor nucleus of X send long, preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to?

A

Scattered ganglia in the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen

41
Q

The dorsal motor nucleus of X sends long, preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to scattered ganglia in the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen. Where do short postganglionic parasympathetic fibers get distributed from there?

A

To the adjacent glands of the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen

42
Q

Are pupillary constriction and thickening of the lens (near vision) parasympathetic or sympathetic responses?

A

Parasympathetic ->they are components of accommodation which is a cortically mediated response

**Know this!

COM: Neuro (Exam I) (13 decks)

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