Lecture 2: Electrolytes & Stress

Question 1

Sodium Normal Lab Range

Answer 1

135-145 mEq/L

Question 2

Potassium Normal Lab Range

Answer 2

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 3

Calcium Normal Lab Range

Answer 3

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

Question 4

Bicarbonate Normal Lab Range

Answer 4

24-31 mEq/L

Question 5

Magnesium Normal Lab Range

Answer 5

1.8-3.0 mg/dL

Question 6

Phosphorus Normal Lab Range

Answer 6

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

Question 7

ABG Normal Lab Values

Answer 7

pH=7.35-7.45
CO2=35-45
HCO3 (Bicarbonate)=22-26

Question 8

Chloride Normal Lab Range

Answer 8

98-106 mEq/L

Question 9

Anion Gap >16 mmol/L Means?

Answer 9

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 10

Hypokalemia

Answer 10

Serum Potassium <3.5 mEq/L

Question 11

Causes of Hypokalemia

Answer 11

• GI Losses
• Alkalosis
• Hyperaldosteronism

Question 12

Manifestations of Hypokalemia

Answer 12

• ECG Changes
• Dilute Urine
• Fatigue
• Muscle Weakness
• Decreased Bowel Weakness

Question 13

Hyperkalemia

Answer 13

Serum Potassium >5.0 mEq/L

Question 14

Causes of Hyperkalemia

Answer 14

• Impaired Renal Function
• Hypoaldosteronism
• Tissue Trauma
• Acidosis

Question 15

Manifestations of Hyperkalemia

Answer 15

• Muscle Weakness

- GI Manifestations

Question 16

Hypocalcemia

Answer 16

• Serum levels <8.6 mg/dL *Must be considered with serum albumin levels

Question 17

Hypocalcemia Causes

Answer 17

• Hypoparathyroidism
• Osteoporosis
• Pancreatitis
• Alkalosis
• Kidney Injury

Question 18

Hypocalcemia Manisfestations

Answer 18

• Tetany
• Circumoral Numbness
• Hyperactive DTRs
• Trousseau Signs & Chvostek Signs
• Abnormal clotting

Question 19

Hypercalcemia

Answer 19

Serum level >10.2 mg/dL

Question 20

Hypercalcemia Causes

Answer 20

• Hypercalcemia crisis=HIGH MORTALITY
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Diuretics

Question 21

Hypercalcemia Mansfestations

Answer 21

• Polyuria
• Muscle Weakness
• Severe Constipation
• ## Diarrhea