Lecture 2 - Proteins & Nucleic Acids Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the monomer for a polymer of proteins?
Amino Acids
Draw a common amino acid structure.
It is meant to have an alpha carbon in the middle with four chains around it being the following:
- R group
- carboxyl group
- hydrogen
- amino group
What are the four different amino acid chain categories?
- Non polar side chain
- Uncharged polar side chain
- Acidic side chains
- Basic side chains
What is the polymer of a protein called?
Polypeptide.
What is the name of the reaction that builds proteins?
Dehydration synthesis between amino acids.
What is the size of an average human protein?
50 000 daltons.
What are the two most common shapes to see a protein in?
- Ribbon models (follows backbone of polypeptide)
- Space filling model
What is the primary structure of the protein based on?
The sequence of amino acids in the protein.
What are the different types of secondary structures for proteins?
- Alpha Helix (Stabilized by H bonds)
- Beta Sheet
What is the tertiary structure?
It is when a bunch of the different secondary structures get together.
What is the quaternary structure?
It is when a bunch of the tertiary structures get together.
What are proteins regulated by?
Proteins are regulated by phosphate groups to activate them.
What is the purpose of Oligosaccharides?
They attach to proteins to form glycoproteins.
What are the functions of proteins?
DTHERMSS
* Defense
* Transport
* Hormone
* Enzyme
* Receptor
* Motor
* Storage
* Structure
What are two types of nucleic acids?
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
- RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
What are the monomers for Nucleic Acids?
The monomer is nucleotides, which consists of phosphate + sugar + base
What are the examples of the bases in nucleotides and how to recognize them?
Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil, Adenine
They are all nitrogenous bases so look for nitrogen.
What are the two different sugars present in nucleotides? and their formulas?
- Deoxyribose (C5H10O4)
- Ribose (C5H10O5)
What bonds are the reason for shapes of DNA & RNA Molecules?
Hydrogen bonds cause weird bending, DNA creates helix while RNA creates single strand swirlies.
What are the units to measure RNA?
Length = nucleotides (nt)
What are the units to measure DNA?
Measured in base pairs (bp)
What is adenosine diphosphate? and what is it used for?
It is used to provide energy. It is ADP, when phosphate attaches it has potential energy that gets released when phosphate is detached.
