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VMP814 Physiology/Microanatomy 1 > Lecture 21 9/26/23 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 9/26/23 Flashcards

1
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

cells of cartilage

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of chondrocytes?

A

-live in lacunae
-secrete matrix

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3
Q

Why is cartilage not a source of pain?

A

it has no blood vessels or nerves

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4
Q

What is appositional cartilage growth?

A

-expansion of cartilage from the periphery
-continues throughout life
-from the perichondrium/outer sack

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5
Q

What cells are contributed by the perichondrium?

A

cartilage stem cells

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6
Q

Which type of cartilage lacks a perichondrium?

A

articular cartilage

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7
Q

Which type of cartilage has a perichondrium?

A

cartilage embedded within tissue

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8
Q

What is interstitial cartilage growth?

A

-expansion from within
-matrix and cell numbers increase
-cells undergoing mitosis form clusters/isogenous groups
-most important in young animals

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9
Q

Why are we unable to regrow articular cartilage?

A

interstitial cartilage growth rarely occurs in adulthood

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage?

A

-smooth matrix
-forms fetal skeleton framework
-found on articular surfaces of bone

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11
Q

What locations have hyaline cartilage?

A

-nose
-larynx
-trachea

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of elastic cartilage?

A

-has elastic fibers between chondrocytes
-elastic fibers only visible with special stains

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13
Q

What locations have elastic cartilage?

A

-pinnae
-external ear canal

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of fibrocartilage?

A

-cartilage mixed with dense collagen
-chondrocytes in rows

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15
Q

What locations have fibrocartilage?

A

-menisci
-intervertebral discs
-tendons and ligaments

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16
Q

What are the three cell types in bone?

A

-osteoblasts
-osteocytes
-osteoclasts

17
Q

What are the characteristics of osteoblasts?

A

-produce/build bone
-polygonal cells in rows along bone surface
-secrete and mineralize osteoid

18
Q

What is osteoid?

A

the first type of bone produced that is unmineralized

19
Q

What are the characteristics of osteocytes?

A

-osteoblasts that become embedded
-live in lucunae
-maintain bone structure

20
Q

What are the characteristics of osteoclasts?

A

-remove/cut bone
-multi-nucleated, giant cells
-remove bone along brush/ruffled border

21
Q

What is a Howship’s lacunae?

A

depression in bone formed by osteoclast

22
Q

What are the characteristics of the mineral portion of the matrix?

A

-makes up majority of bone
-formed from hydroxyapatite (calcium + phosphorus)
-gives bone rigidity

23
Q

What are the characteristics of the collagen portion of the matrix?

A

-can only be seen using polarized light
-gives bone tensile strength

24
Q

What are the two organizations of bone collagen?

A

-woven
-lamellar

25
Q

What are the characteristics of woven bone?

A

-immature bone
-one step after osteoid
-formed during growth and repair
-haphazardly arranged collagen fibers

26
Q

How does lamellar bone form?

A

from the organization of woven bone

27
Q

What are the characteristics of lamellar bone?

A

-mature bone
-parallel collagen fibers
-osteons/cylinders of collagen
-haversian canals at center of osteon contain blood vessels and nerves
-stronger than woven bone

28
Q

What are the two configurations/shapes of bone?

A

-compact
-cancellous

29
Q

What are the characteristics of compact bone?

A

-solid bone with minimal marrow
-woven or lamellar
-forms cortex of adult bone

30
Q

What are the characteristics of cancellous bone?

A

-trabeculae arranged in 3D lattice
-more bone marrow spaces
-woven or lamellar
-inside bone medullary cavity

31
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

-end of bone
-covered by articular cartilage

32
Q

What is the physis?

A

growth plate made of cartilage in young animals

33
Q

What is the metaphysis?

A

cone-shaped transition/neck between diaphysis and epiphysis

34
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A

cylindrical shaft of bone containing the nutrient foramen

35
Q

What are the characteristics of bone marrow?

A

-contains hematopoetic cells
-becomes increasingly fatty with age

36
Q

What are the characteristics of the periosteum?

A

-fibrous outer bony envelope
-contains osteoprogenitor cells
-involved in repair and remodeling

37
Q

What are the characteristics of the endosteum?

A

-inner bony envelope
-can differentiate into osteoblasts

VMP814 Physiology/Microanatomy 1 (46 decks)

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