Lecture 21 - Foot

Question 1

bones of foot

Answer 1

• 7 tarsal bones
• 5 metatarsal bones
• 14 phalanges

Question 2

7 tarsal bones

Answer 2

• cuboid
• talus
• navicular
• calcaneus
• medial cuneiform
• intermediate cuneiform
• lateral cuneiform

Question 3

what do the 5 metatarsal bones connect

Answer 3

connect tarsus to the phalanx

Question 4

components of metatarsal bones

Answer 4

• base (proximally)
• shaft
• head (distally)

Question 5

what does the base of the metatarsal bone articulate with

Answer 5

distal row of 7 tarsal bones and with each other

Question 6

what do the heads of the metatarsals articulate with

Answer 6

respective phalanx

Question 7

how many phalanges are there

Answer 7

14 phalanges

Question 8

3 arches of the foot

Answer 8

• medial longitudinal
• lateral longitudinal
• transverse

Question 9

what is the medial longitudinal arch formed by

Answer 9

all the tarsal bones, except for the cuboid, along with the 3 medial metatarsal bones

Question 10

what is the medial longitudinal arch supported by

Answer 10

plantar ligaments, specifically:

• plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)
• the long plantar
• short plantar ligaments

intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot

plantar aponeurosis

Question 11

what muscles suspend the medial longitudinal arch from above

Answer 11

• tibialis posterior

- tibialis anterior

Question 12

what is the lateral longitudinal arch formed by

Answer 12

calcaneus, the cuboid (keystone of the arch), and the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones

Question 13

what is the lateral longitudinal arch held together

Answer 13

the plantar ligaments that lie beneath the arch, the plantar aponeurosis, and by the lateral intrinsic muscles of the foot

Question 14

what muscles suspend the lateral longitudinal arch from above

Answer 14

peroneus longus and brevis

Question 15

what forms the transverse arch

Answer 15

the metatarsal bones, the cuboid, and the

three cuneiform bones

Question 16

what holds the transverse arch together

Answer 16

plantar ligaments, the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments, and the intrinsic muscles of the foot

peroneus longus also supports this arch

Question 17

what is the sole of the foot covered by

Answer 17

plantar aponeurosis

Question 18

first muscular layer (most superficial)

Answer 18

• abductor hallucis (medial plantar nerve)
• flexor digitorum brevis (medial plantar nerve)
• abductor digiti minimi (lateral plantar nerve)

Question 19

second muscular layer

Answer 19

• quadratus plantae (flexor digitorum accessorius) (lateral plantar nerve)
• lumbricals (from the tendons of flexor digitorum longus) (1-medial plantar nerve; 2 through 4-lateral plantar nerve)

Question 20

third muscular layer

Answer 20

• flexor hallucis brevis (medial plantar nerve)
• adductor hallucis (lateral plantar nerve)
• flexor digiti minimi brevis (lateral plantar nerve)

Question 21

fourth muscular layer

Answer 21

• 4 dorsal interossei (lateral plantar nerve)

- 3 plantar interossei (lateral plantar nerve)

Question 22

muscles of dorsum of foot

Answer 22

• extensor digitorum brevis (deep peroneal nerve)

- extensor hallucis brevis (deep peroneal nerve)

Question 23

what does the superficial perineal nerve divide into on the dorsum of the foot

Answer 23

medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves

Question 24

what do the medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves divide into

Answer 24

Dorsal digital branches supplying the toes

Question 25

what does the sural nerve end as

Answer 25

lateral dorsal cutaneous nerves

Question 26

nerve provides innervation to a small region adjacent to the great and second toes

Answer 26

deep perineal nerve

Question 27

receives most of its innervation from branches of the tibial nerve

Answer 27

sole of the foot

Question 28

branches of the tibial nerve

Answer 28

- medial calcaneal branch - medial plantar nerve - lateral plantar nerve

Question 29

contributes slightly to the medial cutaneous innervation of the foot

Answer 29

saphenous nerve

Question 30

continuation of the anterior tibial artery past the malleolus

Answer 30

dorsal pedis artery

Question 31

what does the dorsal pedis artery become when is pierces the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle to enter the sole of the foot

Answer 31

deep plantar artery

Question 32

the deep plantar artery connects what through the deep plantar arch

Answer 32

lateral plantar artery (branch of the posterior tibial artery)

Question 33

branches of dorsal pedis

Answer 33

- medial tarsal arteries - lateral tarsal arteries - arcuate artery - first dorsal metatarsal artery

Question 34

arteries of the sole of the foot

Answer 34

medial and lateral plantar artery (branches of the posterior tibial artery)