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ANP 1107 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most predominant cell type in the small intestine

A

Absorptive cells

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2
Q

What cells secrete bicarbonate

A

Duodenal glands

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3
Q

What do duodenal glands secrete

A

Bicarbonate

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4
Q

What is the largest gland in the body

A

Liver

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5
Q

What are hepatocytes

A

Liver cells

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6
Q

What’s the name of liver cells

A

Hepatocytes

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7
Q

What secretes intestinal juice

A

Crypts of Lieberkühn

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8
Q

What do the crypts of lieberkuhn secrete

A

Intestinal juice

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9
Q

What cells are found in intestinal crypts

A

Paneth cells

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10
Q

What do paneth cells secrete

A

Lysozome

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11
Q

What cells secrete lysozyme in the SI

A

Paneth cells

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12
Q

How many lobes of the liver are there?

A

4

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13
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver

A

Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

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14
Q

What is the falciform ligament

A

A liver mesentery

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15
Q

What’s the name of the liver mesentary in between the left and right lobes

A

Falciform ligament

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16
Q

What are the functional units of the liver composed of

A

Hexagonal lobules

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17
Q

What is in the center of each hexagonal lobule in the liver

A

A central vein

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18
Q

What are the cells inside liver lobules radiating from the central vein

A

Hepatocytes

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19
Q

What is at each of the 6 corners of the hepatic lobule

A

A portal triad

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20
Q

What does the portal triad consist of

A

A portal arteriole
A portal venule
A bile duct

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21
Q

In the liver, what does the bile drain via

A

Cannuculi

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22
Q

Does the flow of bile go with or opposite to blood flow

A

Opposite

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23
Q

What cells produce bile

A

Hepatocytes

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24
Q

Hepatocytes produce what

A

Bile

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25
What is the common hepatic duct
Multiple bile ducts that fuse together to form this
26
What drains the gallbladder
The cystic duct
27
What does the common hepatic duct fuse with
The cystic duct
28
What two ducts join together at the hepatopancreatic ampulla
The bile duct The main pancreatic duct
29
What stores bile
The gallbladder
30
What is the main function of bile salts and phospholipids
To emulsify fats
31
What are gallstones
Cholesterol stones when you dont have enough salts, phospholipids or water
32
What does the pancreas produce
Pancreatic juice
33
What organ is "tadpole" shaped
The pancreas
34
What do acinar cells secrete
Enzymes
35
Where do you find acinar cells
Pancreas
36
What joins the pancreatic duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla
The bile duct
37
What are the two main ducts in the pancreas
Accessory pancreatic duct Pancreatic duct
38
What 3 main ducts empties into the duodenum
Pancreatic duct Bile duct Accessory pancreatic duct
39
Where would you find zymogen granules
In pancreatic acinar cells
40
What are packaged in zymogen granules
Enzymes
41
Why are enzymes packaged in zymogen granules
To be prepacked and easy to secrete
42
What organelle is there in abundance in acinar cells
Rough ER
43
Why have so much RER in acinar cells
To produce lots of proteins
44
What pancreatic cells secrete insulin and glucagon
Pancreatic islets
45
What do pancreatic islets secrete
Insulin and glucagon
46
What is the main function of the large intestine
Absorb water from indigestible food residues
47
What are the 3 big distinguising features of the LI
Teniae coli Haustra Epiploic appendages
48
What are the haustra
Pocket like bulges of the large intestine (all those bumps)
49
What is the name for the 3 bands of smooth muscle in the LI
Teniae coli
50
What are teniae coli
3 bands of smooth muscle in the LI
51
Where do you find teniae coli
Large intestine
52
What are the epiploic appendages
fat filled pouches of visceral periotneum
53
What are the little fatty pouches of viceral periotenum hanging off the LI
Epiploic appendages
54
Where do you find the Iliosecal valve
Between the small intestine and large intestine
55
What little structure of the LI has masses of lymphoid tissue
Appendix
56
The colon is mostly ______ except for what two regions?
Retroperitonel Transverse and sigmoid regions
57
What are haemorrhoids
Inflamed venous plexuses (they prolapse into anal canal)
58
What are the 6 digestive processes
Ingestion Propulsion Mechanical breakdown Chemical digestion Absorption Defecation
59
What is catabolism
Breaking down complex molecules into smaller molecules
60
What enzymes are incredibly important for absorption
Brush border enzymes
61
What do brush border enzymes do
They're relied on for catabolic steps in absorption
62
Where are brush border enzymes found
On microvilliof the small intestine
63
What enzyme in your mouth begins chemical digestion
Salivary amylase
64
What receptor signals stretch of organ wall
Mechanoreceptor
65
What receptor signals osmolarity and pH
Osmoreceptor
66
What receptor signals substrates and end products
Chemoreceptor
67
What are short reflexes mediated by in response to GI tract stimuli
Local enteric plexuses
68
What do long reflexes involve
CNS centers and extrinsic autonomic nerves
69
What is a short reflex
One that occurs entirely within the GI wall
70
Generally within the enteric NS, what excites the smooth muscle
Nerves secreting Acetylcholine or substance P
71
Generally within the enteric NS, what is smooth muscles inhibited by?
Nerves secreting vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or nitric oxide
72
What is the pH of saliva
6.75-7
73
Saliva is hypo or hyper osmotic
Hypo (97-99.5% water)
74
What do buccal glands secrete
Lingual lipase
75
How much saliva do we output a day
1000-1500 ml
76
What is the role of buccal glands
They're salivary glands that keep hte mouth moist
77
what two nerves are stimulated from the salivatory nuclei to increase salivary secretions
Facial Glossopharyngeal
78
What is in the brain stem that increases parasympathetic activity via facial and glossopharyngeal nerves
Salivatory nuclei
79
Sympathetic stimulation causes ________ in mucuous secretion
Increase
80
Strong sympathetic stimulation ______ salivation
Decreases/inhibits

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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