Lecture 3: MPA Network strategy, MPA managment, MPA types and benefits (jan 19)

Question 1

Why is MPA Network Strategy Needed? 3

Answer 1

• Governments need to work together to achieve common goals in an area of shared jurisdiction.
• Governments are moving towards more systematic marine conservation planning
• The strategy provides a framework for collaborative, systematic planning.

Question 2

What can an MPA Network Strategy provide? 6

Answer 2

• more effective way to protect the range of values that are important to society
• provides the foundation needed to acheive representation (long - established goal for protecting biodiversity) and persistence.
• collaborative, transparent, inclusive, efficient process
• defensible, flexible in face of competing marine uses.
• provides accountability
• provides more user and business certainty than ad-hoc approach.

Question 3

Key Elements of MPA Network strategy (7)

Answer 3

• Definitions - MPA, MPA Network
• Eligibility Criteria
• Visions, Goals
• Principles - Ecological, Socio-Economic, General Operating
• Planning Regions
• Governance
• Moving Forward

Question 4

IUCN MPA definition

• what is it?

Answer 4

a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated, and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values

Question 5

MPAs support.. (for humans 6)

Answer 5

• 1970s - 1980s:
• Conservation of species and habitats
• Science
• Education
• Later:
• Fisheries management
• Ecosystem Based Management and Integrated Coastal Management
• Tourism and Recreation
• Local Social and Economic Development

Question 6

Ecological Benefits of MPAs

- how do they contribute to the protection of the structure, function and integrity of ecosystems? (8)

Answer 6

• providing harvest refugia
• protecting habitats critical lifecycle stages (such as spawning, juvenile rearing, feeding)
• complementing adjacent terrestrial protected areas for amadromous species
• protecting spawning stocks, spawning stock biomass and spawning aggregations to enhance or maintain reproductive capacity.
• contributing to the restoration and recovery of species, habitat and ecosystem
• enhancing local and regional fish stocks through increased recruitment and spillover of adults and juveniles into adjacent areas
• assisting in conservation-based fisheries management regimes.

Question 7

Social, economic, and cultural benefits of MPAs 6

Answer 7

• encouraging expansion of our knowledge and understanding of marine systems
• ensuring a stable resource base for non-consumptive and sustainable consumptive activities including fishing, recreation and tourism
• contributing to the coordination of EBM of marine activities thereby
  ensuring long-term economic opportunities for sustainable use
• providing reserchers, educators and policy makers with reference sites to serve as natural benchmarks
• increasing the quality of life in surrounding communities
• protecting historical and contemporary culturally and spiritually significant sites.

Question 8

What are some key challenges for MPA management? 8

Answer 8

• monitoring
• compliance
• enforcement
• capacity
• budgets
• science/indicators
• access to data