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BISC 120 > Lecture 35 - Primates + Human Evolution > Flashcards

Lecture 35 - Primates + Human Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 groups of primates in order of least-most related to humans?

A
  1. Pottos, lemurs, lorises
  2. Tarsiers
  3. Old/new world monkey
  4. The great apes
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2
Q

What is the primary habitat of pottos, lemurs, and lorises?

A

Madagascar

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3
Q

Which is older? new or old world monkeys?

A

new world monkeys

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4
Q

What are 4 new world monkey characteristics?

A
  1. older
  2. arboreal
  3. prehensile tails
  4. nostrils open to side
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5
Q

What are 4 characteristics of old world monkeys?

A
  1. arboreal + ground-dwelling
  2. lack prehensile tails
  3. nostrils open downward
  4. newer
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6
Q

What are the great apes in order from least-most related to humans? (5)

A
  1. gibbon
  2. orangutan
  3. gorilla
  4. chimpanzee
  5. bonobo
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7
Q

What are 5 general attributes of primates?

A
  1. opposable thumbs
  2. larger brains, shorter jaws
  3. flat nails on digits (not claws)
  4. relatively well-developed parental care/social behavior
  5. forward facing eyes
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8
Q

Hands and feet used for grasping

A

all primates

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9
Q

Relatively well developed parental care + complex social behavior

A

great apes

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10
Q

Flatter face + less pronounced chin

A

humans

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11
Q

sexual dimporphism

A

great apes

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12
Q

cooperation

A

humans

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13
Q

upright posture

A

humans

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14
Q

language

A

humans

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15
Q

opposable thumbs (most)

A

all primates

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16
Q

shorter jaws

A

all primates

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17
Q

brachiating

A

great apes

18
Q

forward facing eyes with good depth perception

A

all primates

19
Q

flat nails

A

all primates

20
Q

symbolic thought

A

humans

21
Q

bipedal locomotion

A

humans

22
Q

dispell 3 myths of human evolution

A
  1. ancestors are neither chimps nor apes
  2. evolution not a ladder to Homo sapiens
  3. mosaic, not uniform evolution of human traits
23
Q

Who was the possible last common ancestor of humans? How long ago?

A

Ardipithecus (4.4 million years ago)

24
Q

our genome is most different form ______

A

gorilla

25
Q

Who is a possible direct ancestor? How long ago?

A

Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy) 3.2 million years ago

26
Q

Who was Gigantopithecus?

A
  • 10 foot tall
  • vegetarian early ape/hominin
  • evolutionary dead end
27
Q

Who was Paranthropus boisei?

A

early stage of human development

28
Q

Who is most likely our direct ancesor?

A

Hommo erectus or ergaster

29
Q

Who was Homo naledi?

A
  • found in South Africa

- earliest ritual burrial

30
Q

Who was Homo floresiensis?

A
  • the hobbit

- lived until 13,000 years ago

31
Q

What was significant about Homo neanderthalis?

A

-interbred with humans

32
Q

Who are Denisovans?

A
  • recently diverged sister taxon of humans

- we contain their genes

33
Q

What is the multiregional hypothesis?

A

-modern humans evolved in parallel from local populations of H. erectus

34
Q

What does the multiregional hypothesis suggest about genetic similarity?

A

-due to occasional inter-breeding between neighboring populations

35
Q

What is the replacement hypothesis?

A

“Out of Africa”

-all Homo sapiens evolved from second major migration out of Africa

36
Q

What does the replacement hypothesis suggest about migrants?

A

-migrants completely replaced all regional populations derived from first hominid migration

37
Q

Which hypothesis is thought to be accurate?

A

Out of Africa/Replacement hypothesis

38
Q

________ lead to selection of traits that promoted intelligence and flexibility?

A

climate change

39
Q

climate change led to _______

A

genetic drift (small populations growing back up)

40
Q

There was a positive feedback loop between _____ and ______

A

tool use and brain size

41
Q

____ led to less competition between males

A

monogamy

BISC 120 (33 decks)

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