Lecture 4

Question 1

What transporters move glucose from the gut to the circulation?

Answer 1

In the SI- glucose absorption by sodden glucose transporter (SGLT1) and then GLUT2 (glucose transporter)

Question 2

Why is the role of glycogen important in the liver and muscle?

Answer 2

Benefits of carbohydrates is it supports glycogen reserves in the liver and muscle
Muscles- higher glycogen intake more work time
Liver- glycogen from liver–> glucose blood –> glucose for brain

Question 3

What role does glycogen and glucose play in ketosis?

Answer 3

When glycogen stores drop and blood glucose decline–> gluconeogenesis in the liver starts to provide needed glucose. AcCoA builds up and converted to ketone bodies. Ketosis as a response to low glucose.

Question 4

What is the progression of fuel during prolonged starvation?

Answer 4

AA --> TCA intermediates to make glucose
Lipid stores power liver, ketosis high
Muscle wasting (cachexia)

Question 5

What are the effects of insulin and glucagon on glucose and lipids storage?

Answer 5

Insulin: lowers blood glucose, increases lipids storage
Glucagon: raises blood glucose, lowers lipids storage

Question 6

What types of cells in the pancreas produce glucagon? Insulin?

Answer 6

Alpha cell-> glucagon

Beta cell -> Insulin

Question 7

What is the typical cutoff concentrations for hypo- and hyper glycemia?

Answer 7

Hyper- more than 125 mg/dl

Hypo- less than 50 mg/dl

Question 8

What is glycemic index (GI)?

Answer 8

GI- change in blood glucose caused by 50g of carb being tested compared to 50g of glucose

Question 9

What is glycemic load (GL)? What is the typical range?

Answer 9

(GI/100) * g of carb in a typical portion size. Tells you amount of glucose proportion you ingest
Range: 55-70 is intermediate

Question 10

Examples of high and low GI foods

Answer 10

Brown rice- low

Baked potato- high