Lecture 24 4/24/24 Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of canine parvovirus?
-contagious virus
-many antigenic variants
-CPV2c viruses are more virulent with higher mortality rates
-common in breeding kennels, pet stores, and shelters
-most severe in dogs 6-24 wks old
What are the risk factors for canine parvovirus?
-unvaccinated dogs
-dogs less than 4 mo. old
-co-pathogens such as parasites/viruses/some bact. that may worsen illness
-simultaneous infection with CPV-2 and coronavirus
-crowding and poor sanitation
What is the pathophysiology of canine parvovirus?
-requires dividing cells to replicate and complete viral life cycle
-most commonly found in tissues containing actively dividing cells
-intestinal crypts, mesenteric lymph nodes, and bone marrow are common sites
-villi become shortened, leading to malabsorption and diarrhea
What are the clinical signs of canine parvovirus?
-vomiting
-foul-smelling diarrhea
-hemorrhagic enteritis
-leukopenia and lymphopenia
How can canine parvovirus be diagnosed?
-hemagglutination tests/ELISA
-PCR
What are the characteristics of serological tests for canine parvovirus?
-not diagnostic due to vaccine and maternal antibody interference
-used for the purpose of determining protection from infection/titer
What does it mean for the IDEXX snap test to be highly specific but low sensitivity for canine parvo?
-a positive result is likely positive
-a negative result can be a false negative
What are the morphological characteristics of canine parvovirus?
-linear ssDNA virus
-non-enveloped
-hemagglutinates RBCs
-three capsid proteins, VP1-3
Which capsid protein is essential for canine parvo virulence?
VP2
What are the potential treatments for canine parvo?
-supportive care
-monoclonal antibodies
Why is canine parvo difficult to control?
-virus is very stable over a range of pH
-resistant to several disinfectants
-may survive for months in contaminated areas
How is canine parvo controlled?
-remove organic material
-thorough disinfection using bleach
-isolate pups from adult dogs returning from shows/field trials
-use killed or modified live vx
What are the challenges to canine parvo eradication?
-non-enveloped; very stable
-can survive for long periods in environment
-wildlife carriers
-immunization failure
What are the characteristics of canine coronavirus?
-enveloped +ssRNA virus
-enteric version causes sporadic outbreaks of enteritis
-resp. version is associated with canine infectious resp. disease complex
-two strains are genetically and serologically distinct
What are the characteristics of enteric coronavirus disease?
-mild to severe enteritis
-infects upper two thirds of small intestine and associated lymph nodes
-virus destroys mature enterocytes
-maldigestion, malabsorption, and diarrhea occur
-simultaneous infection with CPV-2 is often fatal; infecting the entire villus
