Lecture 4: Abdominal Anesthesia and Surgeries (Wronski) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 4: Abdominal Anesthesia and Surgeries (Wronski) Deck (35)
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1
Q

3 borders of paralumbar fossa

A

1) cranial: last rib
2) dorsal: lateral border of large spinal muscles between last rib and tuber coxae
3) caudoventral: junction of tendinous and muscular parts of transversus abdominis m. between last rib and tuber coxae

2
Q

nerve supply to paralumbar fossa

A

dorsolateral branch of spinal nerve

3
Q

3 methods of desensitizing paralumbar fossa

A

1) epidural
2) paravertebral
3) inverted L (simplest method)

4
Q

describe use of epidural to desenthesize paralumbar fossa

A

anesthetic agent is deposited in epidural space of vertebral canal

5
Q

describe paravertebral method of desensitizing paralumbar fossa

A

anesthetic agent is deposited at cranial tips of lumbar transverse processes

6
Q

describe inverted L method of desenstitizing paralumbar fossa

A

SQ injection of anesthetic agent cranial and dorsal to the site of incision

7
Q

where is CSF located?

A

subarachnoid space

8
Q

where is epidural space located?

A

in fat cells between bone and dura mater in the vertebral canal

9
Q

3 nerves you want to block to paralyze paralumbar fossa **

A

T13, L1, L2

10
Q

Rumenotomy =

A

surgical entry into the rumen

11
Q

Entry into the rumen via paralumbar fossa would enter which sac of the rumen?

A

dorsal sac

12
Q

Where is interarcuate space? Why is it important?

A

Space between L1 and L2. Where anesthesia should be deposited to anesthetize paralumbar fossa. (It will diffuse and anesthetize T13, L1, and L2).

13
Q

If too much anesthetic is given during epidural, and it diffuses too far caudally, what happens?

A

Can anesthetize area of L4/L5, which contains roots of the femoral n., which is motor to the extensor mm. of stifle joint. Stifle will collapse.

14
Q

Describe 3 injections given in paravertebral method of anesthesia to paralumbar fossa.

A

1) injection to cranial tip of transverse process of L1 to block T13
2) L2 to block L1
3) L4 to block L2

15
Q

direction of external abdominal oblique fibers?

A

caudoventral

16
Q

direction of internal abdominal oblique fibers?

A

cranioventral

17
Q

What is a line block?

A

Same as inverted L block, but extends line further cranially instead of dorsoventrally

18
Q

High vs. lumbosacral vs. low epidurals

A

High: b/w L1 and L2 to paralyze paralumbar fossa

lumbosacral: at L/S junction. Blocks femoral, sciatic, and obturator nn. and results in loss of motor and sensory fx

Low: at 1st intercoccygeal space. Blocks pudendal n. (sensory to perineal region). Used in parturition

19
Q

Structures you have to go through before getting into abdominal cavity ***

A

1) skin
2) superficial fascia
3) cutaneous trunci
4) abdominal tunic
5) external abdominal oblique
6) internal abdominal oblique
7) transversus abdominis
8) retroperitoneal fat
9) parietal peritoneum

20
Q

Grid technique

A

method used during sx in which abdominal muscles are cut along their natural fiber orientation

21
Q

structures visualized on R lateral view of cow

A
omasum
abomasum
liver
descending duodenum
greater omentum (hides the other organs)
R lobe of pancreas
22
Q

LDA

A

left displacement of abomasum. Abomasum displaces between the L body wall and rumen

23
Q

what does “volvulus” mean?

A

twisting

24
Q

2 methods to maintain abomasum in its proper anatomical position

A

1) abomasopexy (suture abomasal wall to parietal peritoneum)

2) omentopexy (suture greater omentum to muscles of abdominal wall near R paralumbar fossa)

25
Q

structures visualized on R lateral view of horse

A
R dorsal colon
R ventral colon
cecum
liver
R kidney
descending duodenum
26
Q

What structures are seen in R paralumbar fossa of cow?

A

descending duodenum, R lobe of pancreas

27
Q

What structures are seen in L paralumbar fossa of horse?

A

L descending colon

28
Q

where does apex of cecum lie in situ in horse?

A

along ventral midline. It is the first abdominal organ visualized during a ventral midline incision during Sx

29
Q

common site of impaction in horse

A

pelvic flexure

30
Q

what artery supplies the dorsal colon?

A

R colic a.

31
Q

what artery supplies the ventral colon?

A

colic branch of ileocolic a.

32
Q

nephrosplenic entrapment (LDDLC)

A

L dorsal displacement of large colon above nephrosplenic ligament. Spleen enlarges due to occlusion of blood supply, which traps colon even more firmly in place

33
Q

Treatment for LDDLC

A

phenylephrine (vasoconstrictor) and trot the horse

34
Q

Proper sites for liver biopsies in horses

A

R 12th intercostal space or L 8th intercostal space

35
Q

Know bands/sacculations and organs that can/can’t be rectally palpated pg. 7/8 of clinical correlates

A

:)

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