Lecture 4- Embryology and Puberty

Question 1

What is the most common type of bony pelvis?

Answer 1

Gynecoid (round)

Question 2

Where do the majority of structures from the GU tract come from?

Answer 2

Mesoderm (middle layer)

Question 3

During what week do the urogenital ridges form from the mesoderm?

Answer 3

4th week

Question 4

What do the urogenital ridges form?

Answer 4

Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina

Question 5

What do the external genitalia develop from?

Answer 5

Genital swellings in the pelvic region

Question 6

By what week are gonads structurally male or female?

Answer 6

7 weeks

Question 7

What are the two pairs of genital ducts?

Answer 7

Mesonephric (wolffian)

Paramesonephric (mullerian)

Question 8

In the female, which ducts form the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper 1/3 of the vagina?

Answer 8

Paramesonephric (mullerian)

Question 9

What structure forms the lower portion of the vagina?

Answer 9

Vaginal plate

Question 10

What forms the vaginal plate?

Answer 10

Paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts merge with the urogenital sinus

Question 11

What is formed from the caudal end of the hindgut?

Answer 11

Cloaca

Question 12

In females, what forms into the clitoris, the unfused urogenital folds from the labia minora and the labioscrotal swellings.

Answer 12

Genital tubercles

Question 13

These all make up what:
labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibule and the ducts of the Skene and Bartholin glands which open into the vestibule.

Answer 13

The vulva

Question 14

What is the the area between the thighs and the buttocks extending from the coccyx to the pubis.

Answer 14

Perineum

Question 15

What type cells line the vagina?

Answer 15

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 16

What is visible inside the vagina?

Answer 16

External cervical os

Question 17

Which ligament contains the arteries, veins, and ureters?

Answer 17

Broad ligament

Question 18

Where is the area where the fallopian (uterine) tubes enter?

Answer 18

Cornu

Question 19

what are the three layers of the uterus?

Answer 19

Inner- endometrium (what sheds)
Middle- myometrium
Outer- Perimetrium

Question 20

What are the three portions of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 20

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum (have fimbriae)

Question 21

In fallopian tubes, epithelial lining is _______ to facilitate transport.

Answer 21

ciliated

Question 22

With Mullerian ageneisis, there is an absence of what?

Answer 22

Uterus, can also have vaginal abnormalities

Question 23

What occurs when inferior parts of the mullerian ducts do not fuse?

Answer 23

Double uterus, uterine didelphys.

Double or single vagina

Question 24

Reminants of the menophric ducts may persist and manifest as what?

Answer 24

Gartner cysts- located along vaginal wall or within broad ligament

Question 25

When do adrenarchy occur?

Answer 25

At approximately 6-8 years of age.

Question 26

What is the word for breast development?

Answer 26

Thelarchy

Question 27

What is the sequence of puberty?

Answer 27

Growth acceleration Thelarchy Pubarche Menarche and ovulation

Question 28

What is the onset of sexual characteristics prior to age 6 in African-Americans and age 7 in Caucasians.

Answer 28

Precocious puberty

Question 29

What are some causes of GnRH dependent precocious puberty?

Answer 29

Idiopathic CNS infection/ inflammation CNS injury

Question 30

What are some GnRH independent causes of precocious puberty?

Answer 30

``` Exogenous sex steroids administration Primary hypothyroidism Ovarian tumors Simple Ovarian cyst McCune- Albright Syndrome ```

Question 31

What is the most common cause of delayed puberty with an elevated FSH?

Answer 31

Turner Syndrome

Question 32

When FSH + LH is <10 what type of delayed puberty is indicated?

Answer 32

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Question 33

What is the most common cause of delayed puberty?

Answer 33

Constitutional Delay

Question 34

What is a syndrome with no GnRH secretion?

Answer 34

Kallman Syndrome

Question 35

What is the most common tumor associated with delayed puberty?

Answer 35

Craniopharyngioma

Question 36

What are 3 anatomic causes of abnormal pubertal development?

Answer 36

Mullerian agenesis Imperforate hymen Transverse vaginal septum

Question 37

What is where menstruation occurs at the normal time but blood can't exit due to obstruction.

Answer 37

Hematocolpos

Question 38

Which ducts develop into the male epididymis, ductus defrens and ejaculatory ducts?

Answer 38

Mesonephric ducts

Question 39

WHich ducts disappear in the female embryo?

Answer 39

Mesonephric ducts

Question 40

What ducts form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portions of the vagina?

Answer 40

Paramesonephric ducts

Question 41

What gives rise to the lower parts of the vagina?

Answer 41

The vaginal plate

Question 42

What is the cervical opening to the vagina?

Answer 42

External os

Question 43

What is congenital absence of the ovaries and what syndrome is it common in?

Answer 43

Ovarian dysgensis; Turner syndrome

Question 44

What is the term for a double uterus?

Answer 44

Usterus didelphys

Question 45

What type uterus results when lack of fusion is limited to the superior portion of the uterine body?

Answer 45

Bicornuate uterus

Question 46

What cause a Garner duct cyst?

Answer 46

Reminants of the mesonephric ducts