Lecture 4 - Epithelium and Glands

Question 1

The Seven Functions of Epithelium

Answer 1

Protection
Absorption
Transcellular Transport
Selective Permeability
Surface Transport
Secretion
Sensation

Question 2

Two Forms of Epithelia

Answer 2

In Epithelia As Sheets

In Glands Derived

Question 3

Mesothelia

Answer 3

Membrane lining outer surface of cavity or organ

Question 4

Serosa

Answer 4

Lines many regions of intestines CONSISTS OF MESOTHELIUM AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 5

Endothelium

Answer 5

Lining internal surface of heart lymph, or blood vessels

Question 6

Epithelium Always has

Answer 6

Basement Membrane

Question 7

Characterisistics of Epithelium

Answer 7

Surface Sheet
Avascular
Decreased ECM
Dynamic
Polarized (oriented)
Cell Surface specialized

Question 8

Free Vs Attached Epithelial

Answer 8

for a sheet the free is free on the lumen, and the attached is attached

Question 9

Luminal and Abluminal Epithelial

Answer 9

Luminal is on the lumen and abluminal base

Question 10

Apical, Lateral, and Basal, on a epithelial Cell

Answer 10

Apical is on the luminal side
Basal is on the basement membrane
Lateral is middle

Question 11

Apical Surface Specializations (Name 3)

Answer 11

Microvilli, Cilia, Steriocilia

Question 12

Microvilli

Answer 12

Increase SA, Function in Absorption, covered in glycolyx rich in Carbohydrates

Question 13

How To Stain for Microvilli

Answer 13

PAS Stain (rich in carbohydrates)

Question 14

Cilia

Answer 14

Longer than microvilli, help in moving substances across the surface

Question 15

Steriocilia

Answer 15

Very long processes

only in male reproductive system and inner ear

Question 16

Lateral junctional complexes (List the three)

Answer 16

Tight Junctions
Adhering Junctions
Gap Junctions

Question 17

Tight Junctions

Answer 17

Seals Adjacent Cells

Keep transmembrane proteins from floating from the side they are on

Question 18

Adhering Junctions (Two TypeS)

Answer 18

Generally mechanical stability and unity
Zonula Adherens - formed by transcellular proteins
Macula Adherens - formed by plaques and specialized filaments

Question 19

Difference of Tight Junctions and Adherens

Answer 19

Tight Junctions cut the lumen away from the rest, and keep specializations in that area
Adherens hold things tight together

Question 20

Gap Junctions

Answer 20

Specialized Area Allows Cell Cell Communication, passage of small molecules

Question 21

Basement Membrane (two Parts)

Answer 21

Basal Lamina

lamina reticularis

Question 22

Basal Lamina (produced by and what collagen)

Answer 22

Made by Epithelia has type IV collagen

Question 23

Hemidesmosomes

Answer 23

Anchor the basal lamina to the epithelia

Question 24

Lamina Reticularis (produced by and what collagen)

Answer 24

Like the pad of the rug
manufactured by connective tissue
type III Collagen

Question 25

Basal Infoldings

Answer 25

Infolding of the basal region of the cell Increases Surface Area Seen in places of transport Site of pumps and mitochondria visually looks like striations with mitochondria

Question 26

The Two Basal Cell surface specializations

Answer 26

Basal Infoldings and Basement membrane

Question 27

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Answer 27

Appears Stratified but is really one later, and they all attach to the basement membrane

Question 28

Simple Squamus (two Examples)

Answer 28

Cells so flat, any thickness is nucleus bulging into the lumen ex// endothelium and mesothelium

Question 29

Simple Cuboidal

Answer 29

Seen in ducts of glands for secretion and absorption

Question 30

Simple Columnar

Answer 30

Used for absorption and Secretion Often with microvilli located in the GI

Question 31

Stratified Squamous Non-keratinized

Answer 31

See nucleus in outer most layer | not hardened by karatin so maintains moist surface and protects underlying

Question 32

Stratified Squamous Keratinized

Answer 32

Cytoplasm filled with keratin. Make rougher surface adds layer of protection no nuclei (shed) ex// Skin and tongue

Question 33

Pseudostratified

Answer 33

Often ciliated found in respiratory system only columnar reach surface

Question 34

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 34

Located Exclusive in urinary tract when relaxed its cuboidal, when stretched its squamous walls of bladder

Question 35

Metaplasia

Answer 35

Reversible change of epithelia type to other

Question 36

Dysplasia

Answer 36

Disordered growth leading to neoplasm

Question 37

Neoplasia

Answer 37

New Growth of tissue and increase in number of cells

Question 38

carcinoma

Answer 38

malignant tumor of epithlelium tissue

Question 39

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 39

malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue

Question 40

Gland Formation

Answer 40

Originally were epithelial tissue and then becomes gland through invagination. Can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 41

Exocrine Gland

Answer 41

Maintains contact with epithelial and secrete through duct

Question 42

Endocrine Gland

Answer 42

Ducltess secrete hormones usually distribute thorugh the blood removes contact with epithelial gets invaded by blood vessels

Question 43

Exocrine and Endocrine where it secretes

Answer 43

Exocrine - secrete apically | Endocrine Secrete basally

Question 44

Merocrine

Answer 44

Secretion from Exocrine via exocytosis

Question 45

Apocrine

Answer 45

Small Portions of cytoplasm release with product

Question 46

Holocrine

Answer 46

Secretory cell is destroyed, whole cell becomes part of product

Question 47

Serous vs Mucous Secretion

Answer 47

Serous is watery and often enzymes | Mucous is viscous with glycoprotein content