three caffeinated drinks
-coffee tea and chocolate
-all caffeinated, stimulates nerves, not dangerous drug
can be dangerous during pregnancy
-commercially important
tea
camellia benesis, pruned by hand to waist height
- buds and young leaves are picked
- types of tea depend on drying method
Black tea
Green tea
oolong teas
- picked leaves are withered then placed in cool room then rolled and dried
- leaves arent withered leaves are steamed, rolled and dried
- briefly withered then processed like green tea
ilex paraguariensis
Ilex vomitoria
Ilex guayusa
- holly plants, yerba mate (argentina)
- Yaupan from N/S carolina was used by first nations and tea substitute during civil war with no current commercial use
- first nations use, Jesuits recommended it against STDs, no current commercial use
coffee species
genus : coffea
arabica - originally from Ethiopia
canephora - Robusta coffee, West and Central Africa more bitter
Liberica - west africa and tends to be filler
Coffee harvest and processing
coffee cherries picked and then depulped then ‘fermented’
- enzymes continue to break down pulp
- must be roasted aas sugars converted to lepto-organic compounds (flavour)
Coffee introduction
-introduced into west from ottoman empire to paris in 17th century
-considered an elite drink
spread through europe because it was considered fashionable in france
Chocolate
theobroma cocao tree
- new world plant/tree, Portugese took it to West Africa
- Mayans discovered that fermentation and roasting improved flavour
White chocolate
- if beans are pressed produce chocolate liquor
- if cocoa butter removed from chocolate liquor, butter is now called white chocolate
- legally/technically not chocolate as it has different feed stock
chocolate and class
Aztec and mayan elite, concoction of plant products sourced from hundreds of miles away
dyed with annetto - red like blood and was ritual drink
Quakers
early 19th century, english chocolate manufacturers
-persecuted, banned from med and law schools and universities
-Teetotallers - didnt drink alcohol
invented fizzy drinks
join forces with other socialists to create english labour party
Samuel fry
- twinned newly invented steam engine to a chocolate grinder
- also inventor of the chocolate bar, made it cheaper to produce and new vectors for mass audience to consume chocolate
what do these caffeinated drinks have in common
tea is number 1 caffeinated drink in the world because of hot drinks revolution
- coke is #1 cold drink in the world
- caffeinated drinks defeated comfort drinks
saloop
orchid root powder
orange and rosewater flavouring
can still get it only in Istanbul
caffeinated drinks changed culture
changed modern personality
- 16th century france, britain, Germany people drank wine/beer for breakfast
- water was bad and hot drinks changed social life
Penny universities
coffeehouses in england
led to new institutions, royal society which was first scientific society
