Lecture 5 - Head and Neck Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 5 - Head and Neck Deck (64)
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1
Q

Where is the glabella

A

between the eyebrows on the skull

2
Q

Calvaria

A

Made up of bones of neurocranium - frontal, parietal and occipital

3
Q

How is the calvaria formed?

A

intramembranous ossification

4
Q

Why is the Calvaria shape important?

A

Convex shape resists impact

5
Q

Do the cranial bones articulate in the newborn?

A

No. They do not articulate to allow for passage of the head through the birth canal and accommodate the growth of the brain.

6
Q

Fontanelles are

A

soft spots, membrane covered parts of the skull where sutures will form. Fontanelles usually exist in the skull util about 7-19 months

7
Q

Bulging or tense fontanelles may indicate?

A

increased intracranial pressure.

8
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

A

anterior, middle, posterior

9
Q

What makes up the anterior cranial base?

A

anterior made by frontal bone, crista galli and cribiform plate of ethmoid and lesser wings of sphenoid.

10
Q

The anterior cranial base contains?

A

frontal lobe, cranial nerve #1

11
Q

What makes up the posterior cranial base?

A

posterior made up by sphenoid, temproal and occipital bones. Contains occipital lobe, cerebellum, brainstem.

12
Q

What holes make up the posterior cranial base?

A

A number of holes can be found here, namely the foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal, jugular foramen and the internal auditory meatus.

13
Q

What makes up the middle cranial fossa?

A

made up by sphenoid and temporal bones
Contains sella tursica, chiasmic groove, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, forament torundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum and cavernous sinus

14
Q

What passes through the middle cranial fossa?

A

pituitary, optic, chiasm, optic nerve, niternal carotid arter and cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2, VI

15
Q

What rests in the middle cranial fossa?

A

temporal lobe of brain rests in the middle fossa

16
Q

Sinuses and Air Cells can be found, where?

A

in the
ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, frontal, temporal (mastoid air cells)
**All of these are potential sites of infection

17
Q

Where does the mandible articulate?

A

mandible articulates with the temporal bones at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

18
Q

Mandible holds?

A

the lower row of the teeth in the gomphosis joint at alveolar processes

19
Q

gums/teeth are innervated by?

A

the inferior alveolar nerve

20
Q

1/5 facial injuries involve?

A

mandibular fracture

21
Q

temporomandibular joint?

A

a synovial joint with an articular disc. Articulate b/w the condylar portion of the mandible and mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

22
Q

TMJ innervated by?

A

the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

23
Q

Hyoid bone

A

u-shaped bone that is suspended by the stylohyoid ligaments from the styloid processes of the temporal bones.
It has a body, 2 lesser cornua and 2 greater cornua

24
Q

The hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that..

A

does not articulate with another bone

25
Q

What is an attachment point for muscles responsible for speech and swallowing?

A

the hyoid bone

26
Q

What 7 bones make up the bony orbit?

A

frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal, zygomatic and palantine

27
Q

visocranium is

A

face

28
Q

Nares

A

nostrils open up into the nasal cavity which is lined with mucosa

29
Q

lateral wall of the nasal cavity has?

A

bumpy projections which are the conchae (turbinates)

30
Q

The superior and middle conchae are part of which bone?

A

the ethmoid bone

31
Q

The inferior conchae are?

A

individual bones

32
Q

The roof of the nasal cavity contains receptors from which nerve?

A

olfactory nerve

33
Q

The two nostriles are separated by what are the midline?

A

nasal septum.

This consists of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, the vomer and cartilage - all of which are covered in mucus

34
Q

What do the conchae do?

A

they warm and filter inhaled air and the mucosa serves and immune function by trapping foreign particles and exposing them to antigen presenting cells

35
Q

sutures are?

A

fibrous joints between the bones of the skull

36
Q

coronal suture

A

between frontal and parietal bones

37
Q

sagaittal suture

A

between parietals

38
Q

lambdoidal suture

A

between parietal and occiput

39
Q

squamosal suture

A

between the parietal and temporal

40
Q

bregma suture

A

junction of the corona and sagittal sutures

41
Q

lamda suture

A

junction b/w the lamdoidal and sagittal sutures

42
Q

pterion suture

A

junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

43
Q

sutural ligaments that connect the cranial bones are the remaining

A

unossified sheets of mesenchyme from intramembranous ossification

44
Q

Muscles of facial expression are innervated by

A

the facial nerve (CN VII)

45
Q

Muscles of facial expression are

A

sphincter muscles: orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris (they close things off when contracted)
all the other muscles may be considered dilator muscles

46
Q

Muscles of mastication are innervated by?

A

the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

47
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

48
Q

What are the movements of the jaw?

A

elevation, depression, protraction and retraction

49
Q

medial ptygoid

A

elevation and protusion

50
Q

lateral ptygoid

A

depression and protrusion

51
Q

temporalis

A

elevation and retraction

52
Q

masseter

A

elevation and protrusion (jut jaw forward)

53
Q

Anterior neck is divided into two regions

A

anterior triangle

posterior triangle

54
Q

anterior triangle of the anterior neck is bordered by

A

the sternocleidomastoid, the inferior border of the mandible and the anterior midline of the neck

55
Q

posterior triangle of the anterior neck is bordered by

A

the sternocleidomastoid, the clavicle and the trapezius

56
Q

What are the 7 muscles of deglutition/speech?

A

digastric, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, omohyoid (Anaya’s favorites), cricothyroid, throhyoid, sternothyroid

57
Q

digastric anterior belly innervated by

A

trigeminal nerve

58
Q

digastric posterior belly innervated by

A

facial nerve

59
Q

mylohyoid innervated by

A

trigeminal nerve

60
Q

sternohyoid innervated by

A

ansa cervicalis

61
Q

omohyoid innervated by

A

ansa cervicalis

62
Q

cricothyroid innervated by

A

vagus nerve

63
Q

thyrohyoid innervated by

A

1st cervical nerve via the hypoglossal nerve

64
Q

sternothyroid innervated by

A

ansa cervicalis