Lecture 7

Question 1

– is the process responsible for

change in the nature of life

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

Evolution is a –

Answer 2

paradox

Question 3

Variability is useful because it means that the old can – with the new

Answer 3

coexist

Question 4

most morphological characters are controlled by a number of genes working in –

Answer 4

concert

Question 5

logical consequence is that species should merge – into each other over long periods of time

Answer 5

gradually

Question 6

changes in DNA

Answer 6

mutations

Question 7

mutations have to spread throughout – to have an effect on evolution

Answer 7

pops

Question 8

speciation involves the splitting of a single evolutionary lineage into two genetically independent ones

Answer 8

cladogenesis

Question 9

all species (taxa) that have descended from a common ancestor constitute a

Answer 9

clade

Question 10

hominid clade

Answer 10

gorilla, homo, pan (chimp), pongo (orangutan)

Question 11

change that occurs within a single evolutionary lineages through geologic time

Answer 11

anagenesis

Question 12

Eldridge and Gould’s Punctuated equilibrium states that evolutionary changes is concentrated in

Answer 12

speciation events

Question 13

Punctuated equilibrium: lack of change over millions of years

Answer 13

stasis

Question 14

Punctuated equilibrium: speciation events are normally confined to small pops, peripheral isolates, and not expected

Answer 14

in fossil record (so no missing links)

Question 15

natural selection gradually changes the average features of a species by preferentially removing “less fit” and eventually one species may imperceptibly change into another species

Answer 15

phyletic gradualism

Question 16

phyletic gradualism: original species undergoes

Answer 16

phyletic extinction

Question 17

phyletic gradualism: evolutionary change occurs

Answer 17

all the time

Question 18

Stanley and Yang studied 19 lineages of bivalves (living and extinct) used 24 shell features and found differences between extinct bivalve and living = differences between modern living in different areas

Answer 18

weak zig zag course

Question 19

Sepkoski’s evolutionary fauna sudden rise of organisms beginning

Answer 19

Paleozoic

Question 20

Permian movement

Answer 20

sessile

Question 21

Cretaceous movement

Answer 21

mobility

Question 22

GOBE

Answer 22

Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event

Question 23

must be there but can’t find organism

Answer 23

ghost lineages

Question 24

Brayard “Good genes and good luck” follow a – curve

Answer 24

hierarchical

Question 25

– growth in species biodiversity of American horses following grasslands

Answer 25

sigmoidal

Question 26

origin of leaves triggered by falling levels of

Answer 26

atm CO2

Question 27

CO2 fell and O2 rose because plants

Answer 27

absorbed reduced carbon

Question 28

– slow down the pace of life and inhibit biodiversity growth

Answer 28

cold conditions

Question 29

cold conditions – individual longevity and may extend geological lifetimes of species and genera

Answer 29

prolong

Question 30

pervasive cold conditions are – on Earth and have been the result of biological activity (land plants)

Answer 30

unusual