Lecture 7: Carbs

Question 1

What is a Carbohydrate?

Answer 1

A hydrate of carbon
Has 1 molecule per carbon

Question 2

What are the types of Carbohydrates?
Breifly describe each

Answer 2

Monosaccharides (simplest form)
Disaccharide (2)
Oligosaccharide (3-10)
Polysarcharide (10+)

Question 3

What is a monosaccheride?
What is true about monosaccherides

Answer 3

The simplest form of sugar

They are chiral

Question 4

Aldoses

Answer 4

Mono with Aldehyde on the C1

Question 5

Ketoses

Answer 5

Mono with Ketone on the C2

Question 6

What 2 forms can sugars take?
What do these forms signify?

Answer 6

D: OH group on the right
L: OH group on the left

Question 7

What form are all sugars found in the body in?

Answer 7

D form

Question 8

What determines the overall stereochemistry of a carb?

Answer 8

The highest numbered asymetrical carbon determines the overall steroeochemistry

Question 9

What is a chiral center?

Answer 9

An atom in a molecule that is bonded to 4 different chemical species allowing for optimal isomerism

Question 10

What is an enantiomer?

Answer 10

Monosaccharides that differ at all chiral carbons
Mirror Images

Question 11

What are diasteromers?

What is a special kind of diastereomer?

Answer 11

Monosaccharides that differ at multiple chiral carbons
NOT mirror images

Epimer

Question 12

What is an Epimer?

Answer 12

A diastereomer that differes at only one chiral carbon