Lecture 7- Pulmonary Pathology II

Question 1

predisposing factors of bacterial pneumonia

Answer 1

loss of cough reflex

injury to cilia

decreased phagocytosis

pulmonary edema

immunocompromised condition

Question 2

symptoms of bacterial pneumonia

Answer 2

cough
dyspnea
fever
chills
sputum production

Question 3

… is a type of bacterial pneumonia that is a patchy process, begins around the small bronchi and is common in the very young and old

Answer 3

bronchopneumonia

Question 4

… is a type of bacterial pneumonia that involves the entire lobe and streptococcus pneumoniae is 90% of the cases and happens in healthy adults

Answer 4

lobar pneumonia

Question 5

stages of inflammation in lobar pneumonia

Answer 5

congestion

red hepatization

gray hepatization

resolution

Question 6

the early stage of pneumonia is …. which is purulent exudate with many RBCs

Answer 6

red hepatization

Question 7

the later stage of pneumonia is… which is exudate with fibrin and macrophages

Answer 7

gray hepatization

Question 8

4 complications of pneumonia

Answer 8

empyema

abscess

pericarditis

bacteremia

Question 9

many viruses are associated with …. pneumonia

Answer 9

atypical (interstitial)

Question 10

overall mortality of ARDS

Answer 10

30%

Question 11

which disease is the most common infectious cause of death, about 3 million deaths per year

Answer 11

TB

Question 12

what is the organism that causes TB and describe it

Answer 12

myobacterium tuberculosis

bacillus (rod), aerobe, nonmotile, slow growing

Question 13

what is the classic tissue reaction to myobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 13

caseating granulomatous inflammation

Question 14

TB is acquired by…

Answer 14

inhalation

Question 15

the site of early infection in TB is called a…

Answer 15

Ghon lesion

Question 16

over time, organisms in tuberculosis migrate to the hilar lymph nodes which is called a …

Answer 16

Ghon complex (lung lesion and hilar lymph nodes)

Question 17

…% of primary cases of TB resolve

Answer 17

90-95%

Question 18

reactivation of TB induces… and …

Answer 18

type IV hypersensitivity

tissue necrosis

Question 19

military TB results from spread via… or …

Answer 19

lymphatics

blood (lymphohematogenous)

Question 20

military TB has multiple … like granulomatous inflammation sites

Answer 20

millet seed

Question 21

a granulomatous lung disease that is common especially in ohio is

Answer 21

histoplasmosis

Question 22

which disease is the classic granulomatous lung disease?

Answer 22

TB

Question 23

3 examples of granulomatous lung diseases

Answer 23

TB
histoplasmosis
sarcoidosis

Question 24

leading cause of cancer deaths?

Answer 24

lung cancer

Question 25

risk factors of lung cancer

Answer 25

smoking

asbestos

radon gas

nickel, chromates, pollutants, lung scar

Question 26

tumors of lung cancer may produce hormones:

Answer 26

paraneoplastic syndromes

ADH, ACTH, PTH and others

Question 27

which two forms of lung cancer are most strongly associated with smoking

Answer 27

squamous cell carcinoma

small cell (oat cell)

Question 28

prognosis of lung cancer

Answer 28

16% 5 year survival

45% if localized when found

Question 29

… is a group of lung disorders caused by inhalation of dust/particles

Answer 29

pneumoconioses

Question 30

whats size of particles are the most dangerous in pneumoconioses

Answer 30

1-5 um

Question 31

in pneumoconioses, inhaled particles induce…

Answer 31

fibrosis (scarring)

Question 32

… worldwide is the most prevalent form of occupational disease

Answer 32

silicosis