Lecture 8

Question 1

What is a pedologist?

Answer 1

Can predict the kinds of soils that develop in a certain landscape.

Question 2

What is pedology?

Answer 2

The study of the formation, characteristics, and distribution of soil.

Question 3

What is pedogenesis?

Answer 3

The process of soil formation

Question 4

What do glaciers do?

Answer 4

Glaciers ground up rock into sands, silts, and clays and transported and mixed the materials

Question 5

Lakes sediment and topography

Answer 5

Sediment is fine and topography is flat.

Question 6

River sediment?

Answer 6

Sediment is coarser. High amount of gravel and sand.

Question 7

wind sediment and topography

Answer 7

Sediment is sand or smaller and topography is dune.

Question 8

What age are soils and sediments considered to be young?

Answer 8

10,000 years old.

Question 9

How do old soils lose their original fertility?

Answer 9

erosion and leaching.

Question 10

Glacial lacustrine parent material

Answer 10

Soil and clay deposited in glacial lake. flat topography.

Question 11

Aeolian parent material

Answer 11

Wind deposited material.

Question 12

what is Alluvium?

Answer 12

Mixture of sand, silt, and clay deposited by rivers and streams.

Question 13

What controls the rate of weathering?

Answer 13

Precipitation and temperature.

Question 14

what are types of microorganisms?

Answer 14

Bacteria & Fungi.

Question 15

What is topography?

Answer 15

Modifies the effects of climate.

Question 16

recent - topography.

Answer 16

Little profile development, weakly weathered, and little clay movement.

Question 17

Old - topography.

Answer 17

well-developed horizons, secondary minerals and more time for pedogenic processes to take effect.

Question 18

What does Anthropogenic stand for?

Answer 18

Human activity.

Question 19

Four basic pedogenic processes:

Answer 19

1. ) transformations
2. ) translocations
3. ) additions
4. ) losses

Question 20

what is a transformation?

Answer 20

Occur when soil constituents are chemically or physically modified or destroyed.

Question 21

What are translocations?

Answer 21

Involve the movement of organic and inorganic materials laterally within the horizon or vertically between horizons.

Question 22

what is an addition?

Answer 22

Inputs of materials to the soil profile from outside sources.

Question 23

What are losses?

Answer 23

Loss of materials from the soil profile.

Question 24

When do pedogenic processes operate?

Answer 24

Under the influence of the soil forming factors.