Lecture 8- Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of skin?

A

1) Protect against injury
2) Protect against pathogens
3) Waterproofing and fluid conservation
4) Thermoregulation
5) Absorption of ultra violet radiation
and vitamin D production
6) Sensory organ
7) Cosmetic

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2
Q

What are the three layers of skin?

A

1) Epidermis
2) Dermis
3) Subcutis

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3
Q

Which apendigial structures are found in skin?

A

1) Pilo-subcutaneous unit
- Follicle
- Hair shaft
- Sebaceous gland
- Pilo erecti muscle
2) Sweat glands
- Apocrine
- Eccrine

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4
Q

What is found in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes- produce melanin
Langerhans- APCs
Merkel Cells- sensation

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5
Q

What do defects in the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis lead to?

A

Eczema

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6
Q

What is found in the dermis?

A
  • Connective tissue- collagen, elastin, GAGs
  • Fibroblasts synthesise these molecules
  • Dermal dendritic cells
  • Immunocompetent cells
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7
Q

How is the integrity of the demo-epidermal junction maintained?

A
  • the two layers are attached by hemi-desmosomes, anchoring plaques and proteins
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8
Q

which disorder could be caused by abnormalities in these proteins?

A

Epidermolysis Bullosa

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9
Q

What is found in the subcutis?

A
  • connective tissue

- fat

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10
Q

What is the difference between the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine- sweat secreted directly onto skin

Apocrine- sweat secreted into hair follicle

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11
Q

What part of the melanocyte produces melanin?

A

Melanosomes

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12
Q

What happens to the melanin after they’ve been produced by the melanocyte?

A
  • The melanin is packaged into granules
  • The granules move down the dendritic process
  • transferred by phagocytosis to adjacent keratinocytes
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13
Q

What is the function of melanin in keratinocytes?

A
  • The melanin forms a protective cap around the keratinocyte nucleus
  • Protects the DNA from UV damage
  • causes skin pigmentation
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14
Q

What stimulates melanin production?

A

UV

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15
Q

What causes the differences in pigmentation between ethnic groups?

A
  • NOT difference in melanocytes

- CHANGE in number and size of melanosomes produced

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