Lecture 9 2/15/24

Question 1

For an antibiotic under first order elimination, what are reasonable assumptions regarding doubling the dosage?

Answer 1

-add one half-life to the time vs. conc. curve
-doubling of the max. conc.

Question 2

With which type of pharmacokinetics is dose extrapolation feasible?

Answer 2

first order

Question 3

What is the bioavailability assumption for IV admin.?

Answer 3

assume bioavail. is 100%

Question 4

What limits uncharged drugs?

Answer 4

perfusion

Question 5

What limits charged drugs?

Answer 5

permeability

Question 6

What is the parent drug?

Answer 6

active chemical compound contained in the drug product

Question 7

What are the characteristics of metabolites?

Answer 7

-results from inactivation of parent drug
-often inactive
-excreted in urine or bile
-more hydrophilic than parent drug
-may undergo conjugation (increases hydrophilicity)

Question 8

What are the major mechanisms of renal elimination?

Answer 8

-glomerular filtration
-tubular secretion
-tubular reabsorption
-storage

Question 9

How does drug clearance differ with species size?

Answer 9

smaller species typically have larger drug clearance

Question 10

What is the calculation for vol. of distribution?

Answer 10

Vd = dose/initial concentration