LECTURE 9: spinal region

Question 1

when do the spinal rami start?

Answer 1

in the PNS

Question 2

what are Small groups of axons of lower motor neurons that leave SC thru anterolateral sulcus that join to form ventral nerve root

Answer 2

ventral rootlets

Question 3

Ia and A β for fine touch & proprioception are apart of what?

Answer 3

dorsal rootlets medial

Question 4

A delta and C for pain and temperature are apart of what rootless

Answer 4

lateral dorsal rootlets

Question 5

what Anchor SC along its length to dura mater, to each side and each segment to help keep teh SC from moving

Answer 5

Denticulate ligaments

Question 6

what is in the white matter

Answer 6

axons

Question 7

what is in the gray matter

Answer 7

cell bodies

Question 8

what is the propriospinal tract

Answer 8

axons that originate and terminate within the SC

Question 9

where is the propriospinal tract in the SC

Answer 9

surround the gray matter

Question 10

what are Long axon cells that carry info connecting spinal cord and brain

Answer 10

tract cells

Question 11

nucleus dorsalis/ clarie’s column extends vertically from

Answer 11

T1-L3

Question 12

what does the clark’s column/ nucleus dorsalis receive

Answer 12

proprioceptive info and sends to cerebellum (unconscious)

Question 13

1st order neurons of spinothalamic tract synapse here

Answer 13

substantial gelatinosa

Question 14

preganglionic autonomic neurons are ____ leaving the SC thru _____ ____

Answer 14

Preganglionic autonomic neurons are efferent, leaving the SC thru ventral root

Question 15

which levels aer the epidural anesthesia injected in and what space

Answer 15

L3 & L4 and epidural space

Question 16

where is the spinal anesthesia injected into

Answer 16

subarachnoid space

Question 17

the segmental spinal arteries supplement anterior spinal and posterior spinal arteries thru what

Answer 17

segmental medullary arteries

Question 18

segmental spinal arteries give rise to ________ which follow and supple dorsal and ventral ____

Answer 18

Give rise to anterior and posterior radicular arteries which follow and supply dorsal and ventral roots

Question 19

what do central pattern generators input in

Answer 19

automatic rhythmic motor activities

Question 20

can the SC develop neuroplasticity and motor learn, even without cortical in put

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

what are stepping pattern generators

Answer 21

a type of central pattern generators

Question 22

reciprocal coordination of stepping occurs from communication thru what

Answer 22

SC’s anterior commissure

Question 23

Receptors from skin, muscles, and/or joints can transmit ____ information to cause different kinds of withdrawal mvmts

Answer 23

afferent (withdrawal reflex)

Question 24

what is reciprocal inhibition

Answer 24

Inhibits activation of antagonist muscle while activating agonist muscles

Question 25

when does reciprocal inhibition occur

Answer 25

during reflexive and voluntary muscle activity

Question 26

inputs to reciprocal inhibitory inter neurons come from what tracts

Answer 26

Corticospinal, rubrospinal, and vestibulospinal tracts

Question 27

what are the 3 CNS levels needed from urinary continence

Answer 27

frontal cortex, pons and sacral cord

Question 28

if bladder is full, but situation is inappropriate to void, frontal cortex tells ____ tract to control pelvic floor muscles to compress the bladder neck and assist external sphincter

Answer 28

corticospinal

Question 29

if it is okay from you to pee what foes the frontal cortex disinhibit

Answer 29

the pons which signals parasympathetic neurons to contract bladder wall and relax internal sphincter

Question 30

what syndrome causes flaccid paresis of lower limb muscles , bladder and bowels

Answer 30

cause equina syndrome

Question 31

during tethered cord syndrome, if it effects the anterior cauda equina then what sign is that

Answer 31

lower motor neuron signs

Question 32

if there is excessive stretch of spinal cord in tethered cord syndrome than what signs show

Answer 32

upper motor neuron signs

Question 33

what is tethered cord associated with

Answer 33

spina buffa myelomeningocele (L4 , L5 , S1)

Question 34

what marks the end of spinal shock

Answer 34

return of anal reflexes

Question 35

Spinal neurons can become _____, developing hyperreflexia as neuroplasticity develops new synapses in reflex pathway

Answer 35

hyperexcitable

Question 36

what causes flaccid areflexive bladder

Answer 36

Injury at S2-S4

Question 37

Injury above S2-S4 interrupts _____ tracts causing hypertonic, hyperreflexive bladder

Answer 37

descending

Question 38

after spinal injury , fertility returns to what for men and female

Answer 38

male : low sperm counts and low fertility women: return to normal

Question 39

spastic cerebral palsy may require selective

Answer 39

dorsal rhizotomy

Question 40

what is multiple sclerosis

Answer 40

progressive demyelinating disease of CNS

Question 41

cord compression due to

Answer 41

spinal canal stenosis and Syringomyelia