Lecture (Central Dogma)

Question 1

Turner Syndrome vs. Down Syndrome

Answer 1

1. male becomes sterile
   Affected individuals still fertile
2. loss of one X chromosome
   Addition of chromosome #12

Question 2

Muscular dystrophy vs Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Answer 2

1. Deletion in X-chromosome
   translocation between chromosomes
2. Relatively slow development
   Rapid Development

Question 3

Deletion vs. Duplication

Answer 3

1. due to missing DNA segment from a chromosome
   due to duplicated part of chromosome

2.phenotypic expression depends on the size of the deleted part and the gene deleted
phenotypic expression depend on the size of the duplicated gene and the gene duplicated

Question 4

Point Mutation vs Frameshift mutation

Answer 4

1. due to substitution of a base pair
   due to insertion or deletion of bases
2. change in one base pair
   change in one or more bases

Question 5

Intercalating Agents vs Alkylating Agents

Answer 5

1. Substances that insert into DNA strands
   Alkyls groups are added to the bases or backbone of DNA
2. causes frameshift mutation
   causes spontaneous breakdown or base mispairing

Question 6

Somatic vs Germline Mutation

Answer 6

1.Occurs in body cells
Occurs in germ (sex) cells

2. Mutations are non-heritable
   Mutations are heritable

Question 7

Translocation vs Inversion

Answer 7

1. Mutation due to change in the position of chromosomal agent
   the chromosomal segment is inverted
2. can occur between or on the same chromosome
   occurs within a chromosome

Question 8

Transition vs. Transversion

Answer 8

1. purine to purine and pyrimidine to pyrimidine
   purine to pyrimidine or otherwise
2. No change in ring structure
   there is change in the ring structure

Question 9

Missense vs Nonsense

Answer 9

1. Usually occurs on the third base of the codon
   Usually occurs in the 2nd base of the codon
2. Does not change the amino acid produced
   Changes the amino acid produced