Lecture / Chapter 3 Flashcards
1800 BC
iraq - primitive agriculture extension agents gave advice on how to grow better crops
461-429 BC
Athens city-state, development of “rhetoric” – male citizens free to debate/create/implement public policy - study of public opinions and methods of influencing it
rhetoric
social science based on research/planning/two way comms - seen as beginning of PR
100 BC
roman republic had philosophy of Vox populist (voice of the people) - led to roman downfall
middle ages (1445)
christianity spread through word of mouth, then Gutenberg bible via press - pamphlets w opinions, religious/political tracts, sharing of ideas via print
1600s
establishment of Congretio de Propaganda fide (congregation for the propagation of the faith) - est by Catholic Church to spread doctrine
georgiana cavendish
5th Duchess of Devonshire, traded kisses for votes for a friend’s election to parliament in 1784
1905
first organized pr effort in UK - national ass of local gov officers - educate public about role of local gov in British society
1880s
earliest development of PR profession in US - private owned businesses/industry embraced PR unlike private sector relations in UK which took place after WWIi
industrial revolution
growing pains led to redefined relationships among gov, business, people
progressive era / modern PR
period of reforms from 1890s to WWI in 1917. Democracy, social/gov institutions matured, public opinion grew more important, nation re-examind/redefined itself
social trends of progressive era
growth of institutions, expansion of democracy, improvement in comms, growth of advocacy, search for consensus
growth of institutions
social trend of prog era. larger companies, concentration of wealth, increased regulation of businesses, growth in size of gov, businesses/gov/labor orgs grew, need for effective comms increased
expansion of democracy
social trend of prog era. women right to vote, direct election of US senators, more people involved in political process, higher need for public discussion of policy issues. late 20th century black/minority groups got right to vote, 18 year olds right to vote during Vietnam war. democratic societies require better comms
improvement in comms
social trend of prog era. growth of national news services, national magazines, commercial radio (1920s), TV (1947), internet (1990s), SM (200s). Ability to comm w mass publics shifted from media companies to individuals
growth of advocacy
social trend of prog era. 1800s wave of immigrants came w old world politics to new world, increased political activism. Newspapers = instruments of social advocacy in early 20th century, WWII increased social advocacy, followed by civil/women/childrens/gay rights, environmentalism, consumerism, anti-war, multinationalism, rights for disabilities. advocators and communicators required PR skills
search for consensus
social trend of prog era. US went from melting pot to duality of US and cultural identities. need to span cultural/philosophical differences via comms
first ammendment
defines liberties that allow free practice of profession in first 45 words
cooke
headed US first fundraising drive - sold bonds to finance war effort
barnum
circus in 1871, “greatest show on earth” - father of press agentry in US, generated coverage through exageration/distortion/lies
burlington / Missouri railroad
1869, encouraged immigrant settlements in American west, Liverpool public information campaign
seedbed years (cutlip)
time when PR profession began to take root
mutual life insurance company
1888 created literary bureau to publicize services
publicity bureau
nations first PR agency, Boston 1900
