Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL 181 A&P 1 Lecture > Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 3 Basic Components of a Cell > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 3 Basic Components of a Cell Flashcards

1
Q

plasma (cell) membrane

A

surrounds cell, defines boundries

made of proteins & lipids (phosplipids)

governs interactions with other cells

controls passage of materials in & out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

surrounds cell, defines boundries

made of proteins & lipids (phosplipids)

governs interactions with other cells

controls passage of materials in & out of the cell

A

plasma (cell) membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cytoplasm

A

inside the cell

organelles

cytoskeleton

inclusions (stored or foreign particles)

cytosol (interacellular fluid ICF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

inside the cell

organelles

cytoskeleton

inclusions (stored or foreign particles)

cytosol (interacellular fluid ICF)

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

extracellular fluid ECF

A

fluid outside of the cell including the interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fluid outside of the cell including the interstitial fluid

A

extracellular fluid ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

phospolipids

A

75% of membrane lipids

amphipalic molecules arranged in a bilayer

hydrophilic phsophate heads face water on each side of membrane

hydrophobic tails are directed towards the center avoiding water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

75% of membrane lipids

amphipalic molecules arranged in a bilayer

hydrophilic phsophate heads face water on each side of membrane

hydrophobic tails are directed towards the center avoiding water

A

phospolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cholestrol

A

lipid

holds the phospholipids still & can stiffen membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lipid

holds the phospholipids still & can stiffen membrane

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

glycolipids

A

phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains on extracellular face

contribute to glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains on extracellular face

contribute to glycocalyx

A

glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

glycocalyx

A

carbohydrate coating on cells surface

unique pattern in everyone but identical twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

carbohydrate coating on cells surface

unique pattern in everyone but identical twins

A

glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

integral proteins penetrate membrane

A

protein membrane

allows certain things to pass through membrane and into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

protein membrane

allows certain things to pass through membrane and into the cell

A

integral proteins penetrate membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

peripheral proteins

A

protein membrane

does not penetrate

on the top of the membrane

acts as enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

protein membrane

does not penetrate

on the top of the membrane

acts as enzymes

A

peripheral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

channel protein membrane

A

allowes solutes to pass into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

allowes solutes to pass into and out of the cell

A

channel protein membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

microvili

A

extens cell membrane

gives 15-40 time more surface area

best developed in cells specialized in absorbtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

extens cell membrane

gives 15-40 time more surface area

best developed in cells specialized in absorbtion

A

microvili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cilia

A

hairlike processes

motile cilia - respiratory tract, uterine tubes, ventricles of brain, ducts of testes

beat in waves sweeping materials across a surface in one direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hairlike processes

motile cilia - respiratory tract, uterine tubes, ventricles of brain, ducts of testes

beat in waves sweeping materials across a surface in one direction

A

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
cilia beats freely within a ? layer at cell suface
saline
26
mucus floats on top a ? layer
saline
27
cilia chloride pump pumps ? into ? ? & ? follow
Cl⁻ into ECF Na⁺ & H₂O
28
flagella
tail of sperm - only functioning flagellum in humans whip like structure with axoneme identical to ciliums but is much longer & stiffened by coarse fibers that support the tail movment is undulating, snake like, & corkscrew with no power stroke and recovery stroke
29
tail of sperm - only functioning flagellum in humans whip like structure with axoneme identical to ciliums but is much longer & stiffened by coarse fibers that support the tail movment is undulating, snake like, & corkscrew with no power stroke and recovery stroke
flagella
30
psudopods
used for cellular locomotion, capturing foreign particles
31
used for cellular locomotion, capturing foreign particles
psudopods
32
2 membrane mechanisms
passive mechanisms active mechanisms
33
passive mechanisms active mechanisms
2 membrane mechanisms
34
passive mechanisms
require no ATP random molecular motion of particles provides necassary energy filtration, diffusion, osmosis
35
require no ATP random molecular motion of particles provides necassary energy filtration, diffusion, osmosis
passive mechanisms
36
active mechanisms
uses ATP active trasport & vesicular trasport
37
uses ATP active transport & vesicular transport
active mechanisms
38
filtration
particles are passed through membrane by physical pressure ex. water and small solutes through gaps in capilary walls
39
particles are passed through membrane by physical pressure ex. water and small solutes through gaps in capilary walls
filtration
40
filtration allows delivery of ? & ? to tissues
water & nutrients
41
filtration allows removal of ? from capilaries in kidneys specifically at the ?
waste, glomerulus
42
simple diffusion
net movment of particles from high concentration to low concentration
43
net movment of particles from high concentration to low concentration
simple diffusion
44
osmosis
water moves to the side where water has more concentrated solutes
45
water moves to the side where water has more concentrated solutes
osmosis
46
tonicity
ability of a surrounding solution (bath) to affect fluid volume & pressure in a cell depends on the concentration of nonpermeating solutes
47
ability of a surrounding solution (bath) to affect fluid volume & pressure in a cell depends on the concentration of nonpermeating solutes
tonicity
48
hypotonic solution
causes cell to absorb water and swell lower concentration of nonpermeating soultes than intercellular fluid ICF ex. distilled water
49
causes cell to absorb water and swell lower concentration of nonpermeating soultes than intercellular fluid ICF ex. distilled water
hypotonic solution
50
hypertonic solution
causes cell to loose water and shrivel (crenate)
51
causes cell to loose water and shrivel (crenate)
hypertonic solution
52
isotonic solution
causes no change in cell volume
53
causes no change in cell volume
isotonic solution
54
transport proteins in membranes carry ? into & out of the cell or orgenelle
solutes
55
transport proteins are specific for ? solutes
particular
56
saturation transport maximum
all carriers of receptor sites are occupied
57
all carriers of receptor sites are occupied
saturation transport maximum
58
3 carriers
uniport - carries one type of solute ex. calcium pump symport - carries two or more solutes simutaneously in the same direction ex. sodium glucose transporters antiport - carries two or more solutes in opposite directions ex. sodium potasium pump
59
uniport - carries one type of solute ex. calcium pump symport - carries two or more solutes simutaneously in the same direction ex. sodium glucose transporters antiport - carries two or more solutes in opposite directions ex. sodium potasium pump
3 carriers
60
3 types of carrier mediated transports
facilitated diffusion primary active transport secondary active transport
61
facilitated diffusion primary active transport secondary active transport
3 types of carrier mediated transports
62
facilitated diffusion
carrier moves solute down its concentration gradient (from high to low) does not use ATP
63
carrier moves solute down its concentration gradient (from high to low) does not use ATP
facilitated diffusion
64
primary active transport
carrier moved solute through a membrane up its concentration gradient (from low to high) uses ATP ex. sodium potassium pump
65
carrier moved solute through a membrane up its concentration gradient (from low to high) uses ATP ex. sodium potassium pump
primary active transport
66
sodium potassium pump
higher amount of Na⁺ and low amount of K⁺ on the outside of cell higher amount of K⁺ and lower amount of Na⁺ inside of cell diffusion causes outside Na⁺ to enter into cell (no ATP) glucose attaches to Na⁺ as this happens the cell does not want this so it pumps out 3 molecules of Na⁺ and bring back in 2 molecules of K⁺ this gives the cell a -70 charge (normal)
67
diffusion causes outside Na⁺ to enter into cell (no ATP) glucose attaches to Na⁺ as this happens the cell does not want this so it pumps out 3 molecules of Na⁺ and bring back in 2 molecules of K⁺ this gives the cell a -70 charge (normal)
sodium potassium pump
68
sodium potassium pump utilizes ? daily calories
half
69
? & ? are needed to produce ATP (energy)
glucose & oxygen
70
sodium potassium pump maintains ? charged resting membrane potential
negativly
71
secondary active trasport
glucolse attaches to sodium and passes through carrier bringing it ito the cell
72
glucolse attaches to sodium and passes through carrier bringing it ito the cell
secondary active trasport
73
vesicular transport
moves large particles through membrane
74
moves large particles through membrane
vesicular transport
75
endocytosis
vesicular process that brings materials into cell dicharges material from the cell
76
vesicular process that brings materials into cell dicharges material from the cell
endocytosis
77
phagocytosis
cell eating - engulfs large particles pseudopods, phagosomes, macrophages
78
cell eating - engulfs large particles pseudopods, phagosomes, macrophages
phagocytosis
79
pinocytosis
cell drinking - takes in droplets of EFT containing molecules useful in the cells membrane caves in then pinches off pinocytic vesicle
80
cell drinking - takes in droplets of EFT containing molecules useful in the cells membrane caves in then pinches off pinocytic vesicle
pinocytosis
81
receptor mediated enocytosis
particles bind to specific receptors on plasma membrane clathrin coated vesicle
82
particles bind to specific receptors on plasma membrane clathrin coated vesicle
receptor mediated enocytosis
83
transcytosis
transport material accross the cell
84
transport material accross the cell
transcytosis
85
cytoskeleton
protein filaments and cylinders that determines the cell shape supports structure organizes cell contents
86
protein filaments and cylinders that determines the cell shape supports structure organizes cell contents
cytoskeleton
87
cytoskeleton is composed of these 3 things
microfilaments intermediate fibers microtubules
88
microfilaments intermediate fibers microtubules
cytoskeleton is composed of these 3 things
89
organelles
carry out specialized metobic task
90
carry out specialized metobic task
organelles
91
6 membranous organelles
nucleus mitochondria lysosomes peroxisomes endollasmic reticulum golgi complex
92
nucleus mitochondria lysosomes peroxisomes endollasmic reticulum golgi complex
6 membranous organelles
93
4 nonmembranous organelles
ribosomes centrosomes centrioles basal bodies
94
nucleous
largest organelle
95
largest organelle
nucleous
96
nucleoplasm
materials in the nucleous such as chromatin
97
materials in the nucleous such as chromatin
nucleoplasm
98
2 types of endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum
99
rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2 types of endoplasmic reticulum
100
rough endoplasmic reticulum
contains ribosomes synthesizes proteins
101
contains ribosomes synthesizes proteins
rough endoplasmic reticulum
102
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
does not contain ribosomes detoxifies alcohol & drugs stores calcium
103
does not contain ribosomes detoxifies alcohol & drugs stores calcium
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
104
ribosomes
they read genetic massages (mRNA) & assemble amino acids into proteins specified by the code
105
they read genetic massages (mRNA) & assemble amino acids into proteins specified by the code
ribosomes
106
golgi complex
sorts proteins, slices some, adds carbohydrate moieties to some, & package them into membrane bound golgi vesicles
107
sorts proteins, slices some, adds carbohydrate moieties to some, & package them into membrane bound golgi vesicles
golgi complex
108
lysosomes
barrel of acid containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest foreign particle if realesed into cell will kill the cell
109
barrel of acid containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest foreign particle if realesed into cell will kill the cell
lysosomes
110
autophagy
digestion of cells surplus organelles
111
digestion of cells surplus organelles
autophagy
112
autolysis
cell suicide - digestion of surplus cells
113
cell suicide - digestion of surplus cells
autolysis
114
peroxisomes
produces hydrogen peroxide neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol & drugs, & a variety of blood born toxins
115
produces hydrogen peroxide neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol & drugs, & a variety of blood born toxins
peroxisomes
116
mitochondria
organelle specialized for synthesizing ATP powerhouse of the cell
117
organelle specialized for synthesizing ATP powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
118
centrioles
makes cell division possible
119
makes cell division possible
centrioles

BIOL 181 A&P 1 Lecture (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions