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Anat 1 > lecture exam1 p2 > Flashcards

lecture exam1 p2 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Connective Tissue

A

Few cells, abundant extracellular matrix;

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2
Q

extracellular matrix is composed …

A

ground substance and fibers; All comes from mesenchyme,degrees of vascularity,and extracellular matrix which allows the tissue to bear weight and separates the cells of the tissue.

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3
Q

fibroblast

A

in connective tissue proper; matrix and collagen

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4
Q

Chondroblast

A

secrete matrix in cartilage

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5
Q

Osteoblast

A

secrete matrix in bone

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6
Q

cells in blood

A

do not produce the plasma matrix of blood - 90% water

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7
Q

collagen fibers

A

strongest ; resist tension

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8
Q

Reticular Fibers

A

bundles of special type of collagen (type 3 collagen)

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9
Q

Elastic fibers

A

contains elastin ; recoil after stretching

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10
Q

Loose connective tissue proper are …

A

Areolar , Adipose , Reticular

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11
Q

Dense connective tissue proper are…

A

Regular, Irregular, elastic

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12
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

“Model connective tissue “ - underlies epithelium , has all 3 fibers, packages organs, surrounds capillaries

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13
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Fat cells , preserve food , insulates against heat loss, supports and protect organs,
Found under skin in hypodermis, around kidneys and eye balls, abdomen, and breasts

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14
Q

WAT vs BAT

A

White adipose tissue -serves as a depot to store energy, modest blood supply, few mitochondria, single large membrane

Brown adipose tissue - generate heat(newborns), hibernate for some animals , rich in blood supply,many small lipid droplets

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15
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

Network of reticular fibers in a loose ground substance , most cells are lymphocytes,
Function; fibers form soft internal skeleton (stroma) that support other cell types
Located in lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen

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16
Q

Connective tissue dense regular

A

Primarily Parallel collagen fibers , a few elastic fibers , major cell is fibroblasts , attaches muscle to bone, attaches bones to bones
Located in tendons , most ligaments

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17
Q

Connective dense irregular

A

Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers, fibroblasts is main cell ; withstands tension extended in many directions provides structural strength
Located in fibrous capsule of organs and of joints ,dermis of skin , submucosa of digestive tract

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18
Q

Connective dense elastic

A

Dense regular connective tissue , primarily containing a high proportion of elastic fibers
Allows tissue to recoil after stretching ; maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries , aids passive recoil of blood ,
Located in walls of large arteries, certain ligaments of vertebral column , walls of bronchial tubes

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19
Q

Name cell types that produce extracellular matrix in CT?

A

Fibroblasts, chondroblasts, Osteoblasts

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20
Q

Cartilage

A

-firm flexible tissue , contains no blood vessels or nerves , matrix contains 80% of water ,
Cell type is chondrocyte (chondroblast are immature cartilage cell) secrete matrix during cartilage growth

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21
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Weakest of three, contains type 2 collagen, chondrocytes in lacunae
Supports and flexibility to different parts of the body
Found in end of long bones, cartilage of ribs, nose, trachea ,bronchial rings and larynx

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22
Q

Cartilage elastic

A

Similar to hyaline, but more elastic fibers, elastic fibers has a perichondrium, that is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage
Located in external ear, pinna epiglottis(in trachea)

23
Q

Cartilage -Fibrocartilage

A

Matrix similar but less firm, than that of hyaline cartilage, thick collagen fibers predominate
Tensile strength allows it to absorb compressive shock
Located in intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, disc of knee joint

24
Q

Bone tissue

A

Type 1 collagen -Supports and protect organs, provides levers and attachment site for muscles, stores calcium and other minerals, stores fat, marrow is site for blood cell formation
Located in bones

25
Q

Where would you find chondroblasts

A

Perichondrium

26
Q

How do chondrocytes receive their nutrition ?

A

Cartilage is avascular , nutrition comes by diffusion, through the matrix from the extracellular space, including from blood vessels in the perichondrium.

27
Q

Blood tissue

A

Atypical connective tissue -RBC, WBC in fluid matrix
Transports respiratory gasses , nutrients wastes and other substances
Contained within blood vessels

28
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contains areolar connective tissue, and muscle tissue
Most muscle cells are called muscle fibers -cells contain myofilaments
Myofilaments contain actin and myosin

29
Q

3 types of muscle tissue …

A

Muscle or striated
Smooth or non-striated
Cardiac or myocardium

30
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Long cylindrical, multinucleate cells, striated
Voluntary movement; locomotion, voluntary control, facial expressions
In skeletal muscle, attached to bone , occasionally skin

31
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Branching cells striated, generally uninucleate, cells interdigitate at intercalated discs
Propels blood into the circulation,
Involuntary movement
Located in the walls of the heart

32
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Cells are spindle shaped , central nuclie ;no striations , cells arranged closely to for, sheets
Propels substances or objects (food stuffs , urine, a baby); involuntary control
Mostly in walls of hallow organs

33
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Numerous are branching
Neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
Located in brain, spinal cord and nerves

34
Q

Layers of Epidermis

A

come let’s go see babe

Stratum corneum 
Stratum lucidum 
Stratum granulosome 
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum básale
35
Q

Stratum básale

A

Cubed shaped stem, attached to dermis , single layer , tactile epithelial cells associated with sensory nerve ending , melanocytes secrete the pigment melanin
Generates new skin cells

36
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Thick lighter layer, with spiny cells , dendritic cells(langerhan cells ) as a type of macrophage
Function in immune system

37
Q

Stratum Granulosom

A

Filled with lamellar granules containing keratin - keratohyaline granules help cross linking of the keratin fibers * gran= grain

38
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Lucí= clear or light

Only in thick skin , composed of flat dead keratinocytes

39
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Outermost layer

Fully keratonized , dead cells filled with keratin , shed regularly , thickness varies

40
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells of the epidermis
Located in the basal layer
Manufacture and secrete pigment
Protect DNA from UV light

41
Q

Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells)

A

Located in basal layer
Attached to sensory nerve ending
Touch receptors

42
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Located in stratum spinosum

Produce keratin ; a fibrous protein

43
Q

Dendritic cells (langerhans cells )

A

Located in stratum spinosum
Part of immune system; macrophage like
Phagocytic immune cells

44
Q

Dermis

A

Second layer of the skin
Strong flexible dense connective tissue
Has 2 layers - Papillary dermis , Reticular dermis

45
Q

Papillary layer

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

Papillae = mound

46
Q

Reticular layer

A

Dense regular connective tissue

47
Q

Hypodermis

A

Loose adipose and areolar connective tissue
Lies deep to the dermis
* not part of the integumentary system but shares some skin properties

48
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

Simple alveolar gland
Occur over entire body EXCEPT PALMS AND SOLES
Secrete sebum (oil substance , mixture of fats)

49
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

Whole cells break up to form the product (alveoli accumulate oily lipids until they engorge and burst apart
Most associated with hair follicle

50
Q

Sebum

A

Collects dirt , softens and lubricates hair and skin

51
Q

Sweat glands

A 
Sudoriferous glands 
Widely distributed on body 
99% water with some salts 
Contains traces of metabolic waste 
2% urea 
2 types - eccrine gland(merocrine gland) —and Apocrine gland
52
Q

Eccrine gland

A

Aka - Merrocrine ; most numerous produce true sweat

53
Q

Apocrine gland

A

Discharge secretion to hair follicle; produce special kind of sweat , proteins , lipids

54
Q

5 important functions of hypodermis

A 
Protection-
Body temperature 
Excretion
Production of vitamin D
Sensory reception

Anat 1 (12 decks)

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