Lecture Feb 13 Flashcards
Enzymes
selective acceleration of chemical reactions; tend to end in -ase; ex would be polymerase or hydrolase
Hydrolase: speeds up hydrolysis reaction
Polymerase: catalyzes the synthesis of DNA or RNA polymers
Defense
Defend body against disease
Lysozymes: mucosal secretion (tears, saliva, mucus) to help provide protection against bacteria
Receptor
Response of cell to chemical stimuli; ex toll-like receptors
TLR:inital phase of defense against invading pathogens, get sensory data
Regulation
Gene expression; NF_kB
NF_kB: key mediator in inflammatory response; this protein ultimately induces the expression of pro-inflammatory genes to help with survival.
Movement
Function is movement of the cell; contractile and motor proteins; ex flagella
Flagella: helps an organisms in movement; can detect temperature and pH changes
Adhesion
attaching to surface or other cells; ex bacterial adhesins
bacterial adhesins: allow bacteria to attach to host cells; prevent bacteria from being susceptible to mucosal secretions and peristalsis
Storage
biological storage of metal ions and amino acids; ex glycerin
Glycerin: stores water near outer layer from skin; retrieves this water from hair and air
Transport
Proteins that transport substances across biological membranes; ex channel proteins like calcium
Channel proteins: allow molecules to pass through tunnels through process of diffusion; very selective process
Hormonal
Regulate specific processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction
Insulin: allows glucose to enter body’s cells for energy; signals to liver for blood sugar storage
Structural
in charge of cell shape, and support for major structures such as bones; actin and myosin are examples along with collagen
Collagen: allows tissue to be strong and resilient; can withstand stretching
