Lecture Midterm Flashcards by Joysa S.

_____ is the fusion of the atlas with the occipital bone

Occipitalization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Occipitalization is sometimes called “_____” block

most cephalic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Occipitalization in young children is usually ____

asymptomatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Occipitalization in older children/young adults there are symptoms (3)

Headaches, visual and upper extremity issues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Next clinical protocol to confirm occipitalization is a ____ study

flexion/ext

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

______ is the flattening of the sphenoid bone and/or occipital bone

PLATYBASIA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Platybasia is determined by: ______ AngleNormal Range: ___________ than this represents platybasia

Martin’s Basilar 123˚-152˚Greater

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

______ is the most universally accepted (Mds, courts, deposition) to determine platybasiaThe Dens:Normal: not greater than ____ mm for malesnot greater than ____ mm for females

McGregor’s Line8mm10mm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Other tests to determine platybasia_____ LineN: Dens not greater than ____ mm _____ the line_____ LineN: should see some occipital bone lower than the _____

Chamberlain’s3, aboveMacRae’sforamen magnum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

______ is sometimes considered this AKA “Basilar Impression” or “Basilar Invagination”

PLATYBASIA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

______ is a small opening due to the failure of fusion of the lamina and has _____ clinical significance

Spina Bifida Occulta, no

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_____ large defect with no protection of the spinal cord

Spina Bifida Vera

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spina Bifida Vera may allow protrusion of the _____ and/or ______

meninges, spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spina Bifida Vera is thought to be caused by deficiency of _____ in the ____ trimester

folic acid, 1st

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

POSTERIOR SPONDYLOSCHISIS is a posterior cleft of the ______ of ______

posterior arch, C-1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

POSTERIOR SPONDYLOSCHISIS is sometimes referred to as “_____of the posterior arch”

non union

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

POSTERIOR SPONDYLOSCHISIS is observed by not seeing the _____ line

spinal laminar junction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

______ is described as two or more segments joined together

Blocked vertebrae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 Types of Blocked vertebrae:_____ block: concavity on the ant surface_____ block: many presentations-intentional

CongenitalAcquired

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With _____, the nucleus pulposus herniates through the vertebral endplate

SCHMORL’S NODE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Some think that the _____ is the cause of SCHMORL’S NODE, Y&R list it as a ______

trauma, birth defect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SCHMORL’S NODE features (3)

decreased disc spacemost commonly found on the ant/sup surfaceIncreased A-P body width

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With Schmorl’s node you can get a _____ through the endplate and the entire _____ is depressed

pencil eraser, endplate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A _____ is a separate piece of bone that articulates with the transverse process of cervical vertebra

cervical rib

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A cervical rib is is present in _____% of the population

0.5%

Differentiate a cervical rib by: (2)

Elongated tp: no joint spaceRudimentary(underdeveloped) thoracic rib(tp points up)

Posterior Ponticus is the calcification of the _____ portion of the ______

oblique, atlanto-occipital ligament

Posterior Ponticus forms a(n) "_____"

arcuate foramen

Posterior Ponticus is seen in _____% of the population

14%

Posterior Ponticus sometimes traps the _____

vertebral artery

Posterior Ponticus cannot be _____

palpated

Posterior Ponticus is not advisable to some types of _____ adjustments

rotary

______ is a segment takes on the appearance of separate triangular portions on the _____ view

Butterfly Vertebrae, A-P

With a Butterfly Vertebrae the endplates of the adjoining segments _____

fill in the gaps

_____ is the migration and herniation of nuclear material through the secondary growth center of the vertebral body

Limbus bone

_____ results in non-union of the secondary growth center

Limbus Bone

Limbus Bone usually happens on the ____ surface of _____

superior/anterior, vertebral body

Limbus Bone will usually will have _____

smooth edges

Limbus Bone can be detected by finding _____, which are jagged edges and located on the inferior/anterior aspect of the vertebral body

evulsion fractures

_____ is spina bifida of the 1st sacral segment with an enlarged spinous process of the last lumbar

Knife Clasp

Knife Clasp is extremely _____

painful

______ is the triangular deformity of the vertebral body

Hemivertebrae

Hemivertebrae is named for which _____ part is still

present, AP

3 Types of Hemivertebrae: named for which part is still present Lateral: seen on _____view Dorsal: seen on _____ view; _____ portion of the vertebral body is complete Ventral: seen on_____ view; _____ portion of the vertebral body is complete

A-P Lateral, backLateral, front

Causes of Hemivertebrae are _____, always look at the ______

structural scoliosis, apex of the scoliosis

A ______ IS A SEGMENT HAS CHARACTERISTICS OF ANOTHER AREA. THE MOST COMMON AREA IS THE ______

Transitional Segment, LUMBOSACRAL

A Transitional Segment used to be called _____ & _____

lumbarization, sacralization

THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC OF A TRANSITIONAL SEGMENT IS THAT THE _____ IS DIFFERENT

BIOMECHANICS

_____ or _____ is when parts of the odontoid process has not added on to the body of C2

OS ODONTOIDEUM, OSSICULUM TERMINALE PERSISTENS

Os Odontoideum happens at the _____ of the densOs Terminale happens at the _____ of the densBoth can be seen in the _____ view

basesuperior tipAPOM

Sella turcicaAP _____ avg ____S-I _____ avg ____

5-16mm, 114-12mm, 8

Cobb Lippman_____˚ observe for progression_____˚ bracing_____˚ surgical intervention

0-20˚20-40˚>40˚

Cervical LordosisNormal Range _____˚ avg ____˚

35-45˚40˚

Thoracic kyphosis angle increases with ____ and in ____

age, females

Lumbar lordosisNormal Range_____˚ Avg ____˚

50-60˚55˚

Sacral InclinationNormal Range_____˚ Avg ____˚

30-72˚46˚

Lumbosacral angleNormal Range_____˚ Avg ____˚

26-57˚41˚

Lumbosacral disc angleNormal Range_____˚ 15˚ is _____

10-15˚disc herniationfacet impression

If _____ line crosses it is a spondylolisthesis

Ullman's line

Meyerding Grading1-4 ______>4 ______

spondylolisthesisspondyloptosis

Fergusons weight line should cross the _____ of the sacral base

anterior 1/3

Teardrop distanceNormal Range _____mm avg ____mm

6-11mm9mm

Hip Joint WidthSuperior and axial lines should be no more than ____mm and should _____ each other. The medial line should _____

4mm, equaldouble the amoubt of the superior and axial line

_____ line should form a smooth arc in the femoral neck and obturator foramen area

Shenton's

Femoral AngleNormal Range ______˚ 130˚ _____

120-130˚Coxa varaCoxa valga

Iliofemoral line normal should be ______

bilateral symmetry

Skinner's line normal finding should be above or level to the line across the _____

greater trochanter

Klein's line the normal finding is _____-

bilateral symmetry

Lecture Midterm Flashcards

(68 cards)