Lecture quiz 1

Question 1

Weathering that results in physically breaking down earth materials intro smaller bits is?

Answer 1

Mechanical Weathering

Question 2

melting the materials that will become mamga and eventually igneous rocks involves?

Answer 2

Bringing heat up with convection, taking the crust deeper with subduction

Question 3

geology is historical science and that means?

Answer 3

it has the results and must determine the processes

Question 4

because minerals have unique sets of physical properties we can tell us?

Answer 4

identification

Question 5

the components of an igneous rock( felsic and mafic minerals) can tell us

Answer 5

if it formed as part of the continent, if it formed on the ocean floor

Question 6

silicate minerals are the most common minerals in the earth’s crust because

Answer 6

silicon and oxygen are the most common elements

Question 7

the texture of sediment and sedimentary rocks (size, shape, and arrangement of the particle) is influenced by

Answer 7

the distance transported away from the source, the amount of energy in the desposotional environment, the mode of transport.

Question 8

volcanic or extrusive igneous rocks form at the earth’s surface, whereas______ igneous rock from deep within the earth’s crust

Answer 8

plutonic

Question 9

the final steps in converting loose sediment into sedimentary rock

Answer 9

compaction, lithification, cementation

Question 10

weathering is the process that breaks down rocks exposed at the surface of Earth, and its rates tend to be highest

Answer 10

where the weather is most extreme, in the mountains, the tropics

Question 11

the components in sedimentary rocks (fossils, rock fragments, mineral grains) can tell us

Answer 11

what type of environment, what life on earth was like, what the climate was like when the sediment was deposited

Question 12

a theory differs from a hypothesis in that

Answer 12

it has been rigorously tested, it has a higher probability of being correct

Question 13

controversial theories in science are commonly some of the best theories because

Answer 13

they have been tested the most

Question 14

the main driving force that results in the movement of the crustal plates is

Answer 14

mantle convection

Question 15

internal earth processes are most responsible for producing these type of rocks

Answer 15

igneous, metamorphic

Question 16

regional metamorphic rocks are associated with

Answer 16

mountains and mountain building

Question 17

the processes that lead to the creation of sedimentary rocks include

Answer 17

weathering and erosion, lithification, transport and desposition

Question 18

the way to determine if the sediment in a sedimentary rock has been transported by either a stream or a glacier is to look at the

Answer 18

texture

Question 19

minerals are important because

Answer 19

they give earth materials their properties, they are used for just about everything

Question 20

rocks that form as a result of surfaces processes, and that are considered Earth’s recycled materials

Answer 20

sedimentary

Question 21

it is possible to interpret the difference between deposits of sediment or sedimentary rock that were transported by streams versus glaciers because

Answer 21

they have different textures, the stream deposit will be better sorted, the stream deposit will be more rounded

Question 22

if metamorphic rocks receive heat during metamorphism they become?

Answer 22

igneous rocks

Question 23

minerals have unique physical properties because of their composition and

Answer 23

crystalline form

Question 24

as minerals grow the atoms of the elements that comprise the mineral bond together in a regular and repeating three dimensional pattern, which is why minerals occur as

Answer 24

crystals

Question 25

the landscape and major features of any particular place on the surface of the earth id the result of the

Answer 25

the geologic processes

Question 26

the processes that result in sedimentary rocks (weathering, transport, deposition, and lithification) occur at the surface and are part of what major system of cycle?

Answer 26

the hydrological cycle

Question 27

earth science is important because

Answer 27

the earth is our home, it is important to be informed citizens

Question 28

igneous rocks typically form at

Answer 28

convergent plate boundries, mantle hot spots, divergent plate boundaries

Question 29

an interlocking crystalline texture is a feature of

Answer 29

igneous rocks

Question 30

the texture of sedimentary rocks tell us about

Answer 30

how far the sediment traveled, the conditions in the despositional environment, how the sediment got there

Question 31

the hydrologic cycle

Answer 31

sediment falls from igneous rock(gravity), they fall into basins(water), the water moves the sediment( air), the sediment becomes a rock( ice)

Question 32

what is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory

Answer 32

a hypothesis is made up of an observation you need to have a hypothesis so you can do tests and come up with your theory

Question 33

why are some of the most controversial theories some of the strongest theories?

Answer 33

controversial theories are the strongest because they have been tested the most

Question 34

what are minerals

Answer 34

naturally occuring, inorganic solids, have definte chemical compositions.

Question 35

/why do different minerals have very different properties

Answer 35

minerals come from different environments

Question 36

how do we identify the different minerals?

Answer 36

we can identify them by the color, texture, taste, hardness, cleavage

Question 37

what sorts of information can we get by looking at the texture and compostion of igneous rocks?

Answer 37

we can tell if it is a plutonic rock which has big crystals so it slowly cooled. or if it is volcanic rock so it has small crystals so it cooled fast

Question 38

why are rocks and minerals important

Answer 38

rocks and minerals are important because minerals are in everything we use and minerals make up rocks therefore rocks tell our history

Question 39

why does sediment form?

Answer 39

sediment forms because of weathering, mecanical or chemical.

Question 40

why is it possible to interpret the difference between deposits of sediment and sedimentary rocks that were transported by glaciers versus streams?

Answer 40

when they were transported by streams they are smoother, rounder, and finer. and by glaciers they are more rigid and bigger parts to it

Question 41

Magma becomes what through cooling and solidification?

Answer 41

Igneous rock

Question 42

igneous rock becomes what through weathering?

Answer 42

sediment

Question 43

sediment becomes what through compaction and cementation?

Answer 43

sedimentary rock

Question 44

sedimentary rock becomes what through heat and pressure?

Answer 44

metamorphic rock

Question 45

metamorphic rock becomes what through melting?

Answer 45

magma

Question 46

igneous rock becomes what through heat and pressure?

Answer 46

metamorphic rock

Question 47

metamorphic rock becomes what through weathering?

Answer 47

sediment

Question 48

sedimentary rocks becomes what through weathering?

Answer 48

sediment