lecture quiz 4

Question 1

housing requirements for reptiles and amphibians (heating, lighting)

Answer 1

POTZ (ectothermic)
full spectrum lighting (UVA/UVB)
hides
water
substrates
heating source at one end of cage

Question 2

nutritional needs for reptile/amphibian, guinea pigs

Answer 2

R/A: Ca, A, D
guinea pigs: pelleted hay, C

Question 3

Know how to use a physical exam to check if a bird is eating

Answer 3

palpate crop

Question 4

Renal portal system

Answer 4

blood returning back to the heart goes through the kidney; can cause nephrotoxicity or change pharmacokinetics of drug

Question 5

methods to administer medications to reptiles and amphibians

Answer 5

topical
- transdermal absorption (amphibians)
- soaking
PO
- gavage, stomach tube, syringe (into crop)
- hide/inject into prey
- powders or liquids applied to food source

Question 6

feather picking

Answer 6

• picking feathers from stress
• change environment

Question 7

abscesses

Answer 7

• caseous, cheese-like
• surgically debride (no local anesthetics)

Question 8

bumblefoot

Answer 8

• abscessed foot by dirty perches and foot abrasion
• drain, antibiotic ointment, bandage

Question 9

ectoparasites (scaly face-leg mite)

Answer 9

• burrows into skin
• crusty, powdery, porous lesions
• give oral or injectable ivermectin

Question 10

uropygial or preen gland infection

Answer 10

• swollen at base of tail
• manually express, hot compress, topical steroid antibiotic ointment

Question 11

beak overgrowth

Answer 11

• infection, trauma, congenital malformation
• Dremel or nail trimmers to file down

Question 12

tumors

Answer 12

most common parakeet

Question 13

normal droppings

Answer 13

white - green - liquid
35-50 droppings/day

Question 14

weight issues

Answer 14

• palpate keel for muscle loss
• palpate crop (empty = not eating)

Question 15

acute enteritis

Answer 15

• inc droppings, green, pasted vent, whole seeds in feces
• oral antibiotics, soft diet, heat, vitamins, kaopectate, and maintain hydration

Question 16

crop impactions

Answer 16

• overfeeding/engorging on grit = neck swelling
• mineral oil-caster oil with gavage needle and massage

Question 17

PDD

Answer 17

• viral
• chronic weight loss, regurgitation, undigested food in droppings

Question 18

physiologic emesis

Answer 18

• spit seeds and mucous at mirrors and toys (during mating season)
• remove those items

Question 19

gout

Answer 19

• deposition of uric acid crystals in joints and visceral organs
• palliative

Question 20

respiratory disease

Answer 20

• pneumonia, air sacculitis
• discharge above nares, audible respiratory sounds and effort, tail bobbing, depressed, eyes closed, ruffled feathers
• heat, nebulize w antibiotics, oral glucose

Question 21

psittacosis - ornithosis

Answer 21

• zoonotic
• respiratory signs, neon green urates
• chlortetracycline (treated with before entering US)

Question 22

ovarian dysfunction

Answer 22

• nest building, emesis of crop milk, egg laying
• place in dark, fake eggs, give testosterone

Question 23

egg binding

Answer 23

• passerines
• Ca/vit. D deficiency, trauma, obesity, lack of nesting material
• sits on cage bottom with legs spread, palpable swelling respiratory distress

Question 24

vitamin A issues

Answer 24

• turtles and chameleons
• hypovitaminosis: palpebral edema, keratitis, nasal discharge, anorexia, lethargy, aural abscesses

Question 25

NSP

Answer 25

- r+a - metabolic bone disease - improper Ca:P ratio, inadequate vit. D3 - bone deformity, leg swelling, muscle tremors, death

Question 26

ecdysis

Answer 26

- shedding - retained skin - soak (mineral oil), humidity chambers, rocks and branches to scratch on

Question 27

parasites

Answer 27

- r+a mites, ticks protozoa - amphibians helminths - pinworm cestodes trematodes - amphibians, aquatic reptiles

Question 28

scurvy

Answer 28

- guinea pigs - hypovitaminosis C - gingival hemorrhage, loss of teeth, bone pain - parenteral and oral vit C

Question 29

malocclusion of premolars

Answer 29

- GP - spit out food, anorexia, wt loss

Question 30

dystocia

Answer 30

- GP - difficult labor from fusion of pubic symphysis - c-section

Question 31

pododermatitis

Answer 31

-GP - abrasions and subsequent bacterial infection - inflamed skin, swelling on feet, lameness

Question 32

respiratory distress

Answer 32

- GP - bacterial - nasal discharge, sneezing, dyspnea, otitis media

Question 33

diseases GP have that mice have

Answer 33

salmonellosis tyzzers

Question 34

lymphadenitis

Answer 34

-GP - inflammation of lymph nodes - swelling on neck

Question 35

dermatophytes of GP

Answer 35

trichophyton mentagrophytes

Question 36

ectoparasites of GP

Answer 36

mites (chewing lice) alopecia

Question 37

endoparasites of GP

Answer 37

roundworm and pinworm