lecture, slide 4, genetics

Question 1

where does translation occur?

Answer 1

on ribosomes

Question 2

The coding regions of pre-mRNA are called

Answer 2

exons

Question 3

The process of using DNA to build RNA is

Answer 3

transcription

Question 4

The process of using RNA to build proteins is

a.	 transcription

b.	 replication

c.	 synthesis 

d.	 translation

Answer 4

d. translation

Question 5

adds amino acids to polypeptide chain by pairing anticodons to codons

Answer 5

tRNA

Question 6

a sequence of 3 nucleotides found on mRNA

Answer 6

codon

Question 7

unzips DNA strand during transcription

Answer 7

DNA helicase

Question 8

reads DNA nucleotide sequence and adds complementary RNA nucleotides during transcription

Answer 8

RNA polymerase

Question 9

the template from which proteins are made, contains all coding regions

Answer 9

mRNA

Question 10

reads codons on strands of mRNA

Answer 10

ribosomes

Question 11

genes provide instruction for

Answer 11

how to develop and function

Question 12

genetic programming is the blueprint for ________ and ________

Answer 12

anatomy, physiology

Question 13

genetics is one of the ________ concepts of biology, one of the _________ of life

Answer 13

unifying, definers

Question 14

define genetics

Answer 14

study of genes, how they are transmitted, how they work

Question 15

define gene

Answer 15

unit of hereditary function,

how information is stored, transferred, and translated

Question 16

nucleotide sequence in DNA that provides instructions for RNA transcription, which when translated into proteins express a trait, this is also called a

Answer 16

gene

Question 17

nucleotide sequence in DNA provides _______ transcription, which then translated into ________ that express a trait

Answer 17

RNA

protiens

Question 18

what are the 4 macromolecules

Answer 18

• lipids
• carbohydrates
• proteins
• nucleic acids

Question 19

example of a lipid

Answer 19

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 20

example of carbohydrates

Answer 20

monosaccharides (ejemplo - glucose)

Question 21

example of proteins

Answer 21

amino acids

Question 22

example of nucleic acids

Answer 22

nucleotides A, T, G, C, U

Question 23

what nucleotides pair together

Answer 23

adenine (A) and thymine (T)

guanine (G) and cytosine (C)

in RNA, it’s the same but
adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U)

Question 24

what does DNA stand for

Answer 24

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 25

what does RNA stand for

Answer 25

ribonucleic acid

Question 26

DNA contains a ____________ and _______________ sugar backbone

Answer 26

phosphate and deoxyribose

Question 27

what nucleotides in DNA are purine (2 rings)

Answer 27

adenine and guanine

Question 28

what nucleotides in DNA are pyrimidine (1 ring)

Answer 28

cytosine and thymine

Question 29

DNA contains __________ while protein expresses them

Answer 29

genes

Question 30

transcription is the process by which

Answer 30

RNA copies a pice of DNA resulting in mRNA (also called messenger RNA)

Question 31

translation is the process by which

Answer 31

mRNA is converted into proteins by ribosomes

Question 32

In transcription, DNA is RNA _______

Answer 32

template, RNA can't happen without the instructions (DNA)

Question 33

In transcription, the DNA helicase function

Answer 33

unzips DNA strand

Question 34

In transcription, RNA polymerase function

Answer 34

"reads" and adds complementary RNA nucleotides

Question 35

In transcription, Introns are ________ regions

Answer 35

non-coding regions

Question 36

In transcription, exons are _________ regions

Answer 36

coding regions

Question 37

In translation, RNA is proteins __________

Answer 37

template

Question 38

In translation, occurs in the ______

Answer 38

cytosol on ribosomes, cytosol houses amino acid pool

Question 39

In translation, mRNA (the blueprint) is protein _______

Answer 39

template

Question 40

In translation, rRNA is referred to as "the ________" and is the main component of _________ which read _______

Answer 40

architect , ribosomes , codons

Question 41

In translation, tRNA is referred to as the "____________", who's function is to pair ___________ that carry amino acids

Answer 41

the construction workers , pair anticodons

Question 42

a growing amino acid chain makes a

Answer 42

polypeptide or protein

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

a homozygous gene means

Answer 44

there are identical alleles for that gene

Question 45

heterozygous genes means

Answer 45

dissimilar alleles for that gene

Question 46

for each trait (gene), an organism inherits _____ alleles

Answer 46

2 alleles, one for each parent = 2 alleles per gene

Question 47

dominant allele determine the

Answer 47

phenotype

Question 48

define phenotype

Answer 48

physical expression of genotype in any given environment

Question 49

define locus

Answer 49

location of a gene on chomosome

Question 50

homologous chromosomes

Answer 50

same structure, genes on same locus, but may have different alleles

Question 51

define genotype

Answer 51

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 52

label homozygous or heterozygous

Answer 52

homozygous - same alleles heterozygous - differing alleles

Question 53

define homologous

Answer 53

having the same relation, relative position, or structure, but not necessarily the same function (ex - a seal's flipper is homologous with the human arm)

Question 54

sex chromosomes for male and female are represented by

Answer 54

XX = female XY = male

Question 55

Y chromosomes don't carry many ______, therefore genetic disorders are common in ______

Answer 55

genes, males

Question 56

what is a genetic mutation

Answer 56

when the wrong nucleotide is inserted, changing the specified amino acid mutations can be either good or bad

Question 57

gametes are created through the process of ______

Answer 57

meiosis

Question 58

sperm and egg cells (________) that transfer genetic information from parents to offspring (_________)

Answer 58

haploid, diploid

Question 59

all cells (excluding gametes) are diploid and have _____ chromosomes, gametes are haploid and have ____ chromosomes

Answer 59

46 chromosomes, 23 chromosomes

Question 60

define locus

Answer 60

(LOH-kus) The physical site or location of a specific gene on a chromosome.