Lectures- Cardio physiology Flashcards
(49 cards)
is defined as an abnormal reversal of blood flow from the left ventricle (LV) to the left atrium (LA)
Mitral regurgitation
*caused by any disruption of the mitral valve apparatus
MV prolapse Rheumatic fever Infective endocaritis Cardiomyopathy Ischemic heart disease
..can all lead to
Mitral regurg
is the diastolic flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle (LV)
Aortic regurgitation
is due to incompetence of the aortic valve or any disturbance of the valvular apparatus (eg, leaflets, annulus of the aorta) resulting in the diastolic flow of blood into the left ventricular chamber
Regurgitation
The valve between the two chambers on the left side of your heart. It opens up enough so that blood can flow from the upper chamber of your heart (left atria) to the lower chamber (left ventricle). It then closes, keeping blood from flowing backwards.
Mitral valve
Heart Rate X Stroke Volume
Cardiac output
Resting cardiac output (CO)?
about 5 L/min
What is max cardiac output (CO)
20-25 L/min
220-age
is what?
Predicted max HR
+/- 10-12 bpm
- Decreased parasympathetic tone
- Increased sympathetic tone
- Bainbridge reflex (atrial reflex)
physiological variables affecting HR
is an increase in HR due to an increase in central venous pressure that is detected by the barorecptors in the atria and venoatrial junctions.
Bainbridge reflex
- Increased sympathetic tone
- Increased pre-load (venous return) leads to an increase in contractility
- Decreased arterial resistance (afterload)
Physiological variables affecting stroke volume
resistance against which the heart is working
After load
High after load, means the heart is working..
hard to get blood out!
ie..hypertension
Arterial vasodilation does what to after load?
Decreases! This makes workload on heart go down
i.e. ACE inhibitors
- skeletal muscle pump
- respiratory and abdominal pump
- venoconstriction (sympathetic tone)
All increase venous return!
amount of ventricular stretch based on the volume of blood in the chamber.
Pre load (LVED pressure)
Greater the ______ _______, the greater both Bainbridge reflex and Frank Starling mechanism
Venous return (VR)
states that when the myocardium is stretched, it contracts with greater force. Good example is blowing up a ballon.
Frank Starling Mechanism
greater volume in the chamber, greater stretch of the myocardium, leads to greater contractility, which leads to a greater SV
Frank Starling Mechanism
_______ is heart control that originates outside the heart for example adrenalin from the adrenal glands above the kidneys
Extrinsic
Frank Starling Mechanism to increase contractility and Bainbridge Reflex to increase HR are examples of…
Intrinsic heart control
Sympathetic stimulation moves the Frank Starling curve to the…
Left
Represents the % of blood that is being ejected
from the ventricle per beat
Ejection fraction
