Leg: Bones and Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common site of a compound fracture?

A

the medial surface of the tibial shaft because it is subcutaneous

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2
Q

What are the borders of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

the tibia, the interosseus membrane, the anterior intermuscular septum and the encircling deep fascia

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3
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus

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4
Q

What is the origin of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

the shaft of the bone they overly and the adjacent interosseus membrane

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5
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior?

A

dorsiflexion and inversion

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6
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

base of the 1st metatarsal and the medial cuneiform

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7
Q

What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

each of the 4 tendons splits into 3 parts and the lateral parts insert distally and the medial part inserts proximally

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8
Q

What is fibularis tertius?

A

a muscle which splits off from extensor digitorum longus to insert on the base of the 5th metatarsal

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9
Q

What is the order of the structures as they pass underneath the extensor retinaculum?

A

TA, EHL, anterior tibial artery, deep fibular nerve, EDL, FT

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

the anterior and posterior intermuscular septa, the fibula and the deep encircling fascia

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11
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus and brevis

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12
Q

What is the action of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

eversion

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13
Q

What is the origin of fibularis longus?

A

the proximal part of the shaft of the fibula

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14
Q

What is the origin of fibularis brevis?

A

the distal part of the shaft of the fibula

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15
Q

Which tendon of fibularis longus and brevis passes closer to the lateral malleolus as they pass behind the lateral malleolus?

A

fibularis brevis

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16
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?

A

the base of the 5th metatarsal (with fibularis tertius)

17
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis longus?

A

medial cuneiform and the base of the 1st metatarsal (with tibialis anterior) - tendon has to go under the foot and so helps to maintain the arch of the foot

18
Q

What are the parts of the fibular retinaculum?

A

superior and inferior

19
Q

What are the borders of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

the tibia, the fibula, the interosseus membrane, the posterior intermuscular septa

20
Q

What are the muscles of the deep compartment of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibialis posterior, flexor hallicus longus, flexor digitorum longus

21
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial compartment of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, popliteus, plantaris

22
Q

What is the origin of gastrocnemius?

A

the condyles of the femur

23
Q

What is the insertion of gastrocnemius?

A

calcaneus (via the achilles tendon)

24
Q

What is the origin of soleus?

A

the soleal line

25
Q

What is the insertion of soleus?

A

calcaneus (via the achilles tendon)

26
Q

What is the origin of plantaris?

A

next to the lateral head of gastrocnemius on the femoral condyle

27
Q

What is the action of tibialis posterior?

A

plantar flexion and inversion

28
Q

What is the order of structures passing behind the flexor retinaculum?

A

from the medial malleolus back - TP, FDL, posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial vein, tibial nerve, FHL

29
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?

A

medial cuneiform and the base of the 1st metatarsal

30
Q

Why do the tendons of FHL and FDL cross?

A

because they are on the wrong sides of the compartment so the tendons have to cross to reach their site of insertion