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1. Infection & Immunity > Leptospira > Flashcards

Leptospira Flashcards

1
Q

Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)

A

Bacterial zoonotic disease of global destruction caused by Leptospira
Found by Adolf Weil (1886)

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2
Q

Where is Leptospirosis located?

A

Tropical and subtropical areas
Occupational 50% in Hawaii and PR
75% males

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3
Q

Leptospira
history

A

First observed in 1907 by Arthur Stimson in kidney tissue of patient that dies to yellow fever
13 pathogenic species and 250 serovars

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4
Q

Leptospira characteristics

A

Gam-neg, poorly stained
Aerobic, flagella, motile with S or C shaped hook
Grows slowly (3-4 weeks)

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5
Q

Leptospira transmission

A

Reservoirs host = RAT urine
Infected by splashing contaminated water into eyes, contaminated food and water, exposed wounds

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6
Q

Leptospirenic phase of leptospirosis

A

Septicemia phase lasts 3-10 days
Flu like symptoms
Bacteria in blood moving to organs

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7
Q

Immune phase of leptospirosis

A

Bacteria concentrated to your kidneys
Symptoms: Jaundice, renal failure, hemorrhage, aseptic meningitis, cardiac arrhythmias pulmonary insufficiency, hemodynamic collapse liver failure

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8
Q

Clinical signs of leptospirosis in animals

A

Abortion, stillbirth, infertility, decrease milk production, hepatic and renal lesions, death

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9
Q

When would hamster start shedding the infection + clinical signs?

A

21-30 days of infection
Signs: loss of activity, ruffled fur, closed eyes, weight loss

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10
Q

Treating leptospirosis

A

Doxycycline for 2 weeks
Hospital with IV fluids

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11
Q

Leptospirosis vaccine

A

Bacterin or killed vx
Purified outer envelop vx
Reverse vaccinology
Effects: pain, nausea, weight loss, short term and restricted immunity

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12
Q

Vx for dogs against leptospirosis

A

Nobivac Lepto4 for at least 12 months

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13
Q

Leptospirosis diagnosis

A

Blood smear
Culture (EMJH medium)
Indirect immunofluorescent AB test
Impression smears
Microscopic agglutination test
PCR

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14
Q

Vibrosis

A

Consuming raw seafood or exposing a wound to seawater
Occur May - October (warm water temps)

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15
Q

General characteristics of Vibrio

A

Gram- neg, comma shaped bacilli, non spore forming
Motile with single polar flagella
Non capsulated grow well in alkaline pH
Facultative anaerobes

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16
Q

V. Cholarae

A

Causative agent of cholera
ID with rice watery stool (O1 and O139) and large #s of vibrio in dark field microscopy
Cary Blair media + thiosulfate citrate bile salt agar

17
Q

Other than V. Cholerae, what are other important pathogens?

A

V. Parahaemolyticus (acute gastroenteritis)
V. Vulnificus

18
Q

Symptoms of vibrio

A

Rice watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, fever, chills
Begins within 1-3 days of ingestion

19
Q

Rapid tests done for vibrio

A

Crystal VC dipstick rapid test (early warning)

20
Q

Vibriosis treatment

A

Drink liquids to replace fluids lost
Severe cases: ciproflaxacin

21
Q

Arcobacter characteristics

A

Gram-neg, S shaped, no spore forming
Motile by non polar flagella
Microaerophilic

22
Q

What is Arcobacter intolerant to?

A

Freezing and drying —> showing a wide range of habitats

23
Q

Arcobacter

A

Emerging food-borne pathogen
A. Cibarius, thereius, trophiarum, in farm animals
A. Butzleri, cryserophilus, akirrowii in humans

24
Q

Arcobacter transmission

A

Contaminated drinking water (human Arcobacter infection)
Close contact with pets and person to person

25
Q

Arcobacter highest prevalence

A

On food of animal origin, poultry first then pork and beef
Abortion, diarrhea, mastitis in pigs and cattle

26
Q

Arcobacter treatment

A

Erthryomycin, fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin

27
Q

Treponema characteristics

A

Gram- neg, lack LPS, endoflagella (corkscrew movement)
Silver impregenation and Ryus stain
Non pathogenic - oral flora

28
Q

Treponema paraluiscuniculi

A

Causes venereal disease (rabbit syphilis or general spirochetosis)

29
Q

Treponema brennaborense

A

Papillomatous digitial dermatitis
Ulcerative mammary dermatitis in cattle and sheep

30
Q

T. Pallidum

A

Causative agent of syphilis (STI) in humans

31
Q

What does Treponema cause in elks?

A

Treponeme- Associated Hoof Disease (SW Washington State)

32
Q

Treatment for syphilis

A

Benzathine penicillin G cures early stages (primary, secondary or early latent)

33
Q

T. Paraluiscuniculi treatment

A

Lesions heal in 7-28 days when rabbits treated with penicillin

1. Infection & Immunity (19 decks)

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