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Fundamentals of Chemistry > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the atomic number of hydrogen?

A

1

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2
Q

True or False: An atom is the smallest unit of matter.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The chemical symbol for gold is ____.

A

Au

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4
Q

What are the three subatomic particles of an atom?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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5
Q

Which particle has a positive charge?

A

Proton

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6
Q

What is the pH value of pure water at 25°C?

A

7

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7
Q

True or False: Electrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

A

False

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8
Q

What is Avogadro’s number?

A

6.022 x 10^23

Avogadro’s number is a fundamental constant in chemistry, defined as the number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of a solid turning directly into a gas is called ____.

A

sublimation

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10
Q

What is the primary component of the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen

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11
Q

What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs?

A

Covalent bond

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12
Q

Which element is represented by the symbol ‘Na’?

A

Sodium

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13
Q

True or False: Ionic bonds are formed between metals and nonmetals.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the molecular formula for water?

A

H2O

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15
Q

What is the main gas produced during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: A solution with a pH less than 7 is considered ____.

A

acidic

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17
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

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18
Q

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

A

Fluorine

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19
Q

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

A

An element is a pure substance consisting of one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.

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20
Q

True or False: An endothermic reaction absorbs heat.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the main characteristic of metals?

A

They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

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22
Q

What is the chemical formula for table salt?

A

NaCl

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The study of the rates of chemical reactions is called ____.

A

kinetics

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24
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

A tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized by their atomic number.

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25
Which gas is commonly produced in a combustion reaction?
Carbon dioxide
26
What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed.
27
True or False: The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the masses of its isotopes.
True
28
What is a polar covalent bond?
A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally between atoms.
29
What is the common name for dihydrogen monoxide?
Water
30
Fill in the blank: The force that holds atoms together in a molecule is called a ____.
chemical bond
31
What is the primary difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
A physical change affects the form of a substance, while a chemical change alters its chemical composition.
32
What is the formula for calculating density?
Density = mass/volume
33
True or False: A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.
True
34
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
35
What is the main characteristic of nonmetals?
They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
36
Fill in the blank: The process of a gas turning into a liquid is called ____.
condensation
37
What is the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction?
Exothermic reactions release heat, while endothermic reactions absorb heat.
38
What is the principal scientific law that describes the behavior of gases?
Ideal Gas Law
39
Which type of reaction involves the combination of two or more substances to form a new compound?
Synthesis reaction
40
True or False: The atomic structure of an element determines its chemical properties.
True
41
What is a mole in chemistry?
A unit that measures the amount of substance, equivalent to Avogadro's number.
42
Fill in the blank: The main component of organic molecules is ____.
carbon
43
What is the role of an acid in a chemical reaction?
An acid donates protons (H+) in a reaction.
44
What is the main difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
A strong acid completely dissociates in water, while a weak acid only partially dissociates.
45
True or False: All metals are solid at room temperature.
False
46
What is the chemical formula for ammonia?
NH3
47
What is a redox reaction?
A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between two species.
48
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down a compound into simpler substances is called ____.
decomposition
49
What is the primary purpose of a buffer solution?
To maintain a stable pH in a solution.
50
What is the molecular weight of water (H2O)?
18 g/mol
51
Which type of chemical bond is characterized by the transfer of electrons?
Ionic bond
52
True or False: All isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties.
True
53
What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?
To act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.
54
Fill in the blank: The law stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed is known as the law of ____.
conservation of mass
55
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen
56
What is the primary difference between an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal?
Alkali metals have one electron in their outer shell, while alkaline earth metals have two.
57
What is the significance of the octet rule in chemistry?
Atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell.
58
True or False: The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.
True
59
What is the primary product of a neutralization reaction?
Water and a salt.
60
Fill in the blank: A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed is called a ____.
catalyst
61
What are the main types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion.
62
What is the term for a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances?
Solution
63
Which law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature?
Boyle's Law
64
True or False: The electronegativity of an element increases from left to right across the periodic table.
True
65
What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
66
Fill in the blank: The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid is called its ____ point.
melting
67
What is the primary role of the nucleus in an atom?
To contain protons and neutrons.
68
What is the primary characteristic of noble gases?
They are chemically inert and have a full valence shell.
69
True or False: Chemical change is reversible.
False
70
What is the process of a liquid turning into vapor called?
Evaporation
71
What is the primary function of a solvent in a solution?
To dissolve the solute.
72
Fill in the blank: The simplest form of a carbohydrate is a ____.
monosaccharide
73
What is the main characteristic of transition metals?
They can use the inner shell before using the outer shell to bond.
74
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
75
What is the term for the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius?
Specific heat capacity
76
True or False: The color of an indicator changes based on the pH of the solution.
True
77
What is the primary component of proteins?
Amino acids
78
Fill in the blank: The process of combining two or more elements to form a compound is called ____.
synthesis
79
What is the primary cause of the greenhouse effect?
Increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
80
What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?
To absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
81
True or False: An amphoteric substance can act as both an acid and a base.
True
82
What is the primary characteristic of a base?
It accepts protons (H+) in a reaction.
83
Fill in the blank: The unit of measure for energy in chemistry is the ____.
joule

Fundamentals of Chemistry (1 decks)

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