Lesson 10

Question 1

What is water beneath the surface ?

Answer 1

groundwater

Question 2

What is the largest freshwater reservoir for humans?

Answer 2

groundwater

Question 3

What does the geological role of erosion with dissolving by groundwater produce?

Answer 3

sinkholes/caves

caverns

Question 4

What is a geological role of groundwater besides erosion?

Answer 4

equalizer of streamflow

Question 5

What are the order of the zones?

Answer 5

belt of moisture
aeration
water table
saturation

Question 6

What is the upper limit of the zone of saturation?

Answer 6

water table

Question 7

Zone that contains plant roots and water available for plant growth?

Answer 7

belt of moisture

Question 8

Zone that is unsaturated and have pore spaces filled mainly with air?

Answer 8

Zone of aeration

Question 9

Zone where all pore spaces in the material are filled with water?

Answer 9

Zone of saturation

Question 10

What type of water is filling the pores in the zone of saturation?

Answer 10

groundwater

Question 11

What is the ability to transmit water through connected pore spaces?

Answer 11

permeability

Question 12

What does permeability control?

Answer 12

movement of groundwater

Question 13

What is the percentage of pore spaces or volume of open spaces?

Answer 13

Porosity

Question 14

What does porosity determine?

Answer 14

how much groundwater can be stored

Question 15

What is an impermeable layer of material called?

Answer 15

Aquitard

Question 16

What is a permeable layer of material called?

Answer 16

Aquifer

Question 17

Example of an aquitard?

Answer 17

clay

Question 18

Example of an aquifer?

Answer 18

sand

Question 19

What are some features associated with groundwater?

Answer 19

springs
wells
artesian wells

Question 20

Whenever the water table intersects the land surface and a natural flow of groundwater results?

Answer 20

spring

Question 21

What is an intermittent hot springs called?

Answer 21

Geysers

Question 22

Name the two types of springs?

Answer 22

hot springs

geysers

Question 23

How are hot springs heated?

Answer 23

The cooling of igneous rock

Question 24

What degrees is a hot spring?

Answer 24

6-9 degrees C warmer than mean air temp

Question 25

Wells withdraw groundwater and create roughly conical depressions in the water table known as ________

Answer 25

cones of depression

Question 26

What happens with the water at a geyser?

Answer 26

it turns to steam and erupts

Question 27

What can pumping wells cause?

Answer 27

a drawdown (lowering) of the watertable

Question 28

What are openings bored into the zone of saturation called?

Answer 28

Wells

Question 29

What can pumping wells form? Where?

Answer 29

a cone of depression in the water table

Question 30

What are the types of artisan wells?

Answer 30

nonflowing | flowing

Question 31

What occurs when water rises above the level at which it was initially encountered?

Answer 31

Artesian wells

Question 32

What is the source of heat for most hot springs and geysers?

Answer 32

hot igneous rock

Question 33

What are some of the current environmental problems involving groundwater?

Answer 33

Overuse by intense irrigation (treating it as nonrenewable) Land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal Contamination

Question 34

Groundwater is not mildly acidic? T or F.

Answer 34

false

Question 35

What weak acid does groundwater contain?

Answer 35

weak carbonic acid

Question 36

What can groundwater dissolve?

Answer 36

calcite in limestone

Question 37

Most caverns form in ______ at or below the water table when acidic groundwater dissolves rock along lines of weakness, such as _______.

Answer 37

limestone | joints and bedding planes

Question 38

How are caverns formed?

Answer 38

dissolving rock beneath Earth's surface

Question 39

Where are caverns formed?

Answer 39

zone of saturation

Question 40

Where are the features of caverns found?

Answer 40

zone of aeration

Question 41

What are common features of a dripstone?

Answer 41

Stalactites hanging from the ceiling and on the cave floor

Question 42

When calcite deposited as dripping water evaporates?

Answer 42

dripstone

Question 43

What is formed by dissolving rock at, or near, Earth's surface?

Answer 43

Karst topography

Question 44

What are common features of Karst topography?

Answer 44

sinkholes | caves and caverns

Question 45

Does Karst topography have good surface drainage?

Answer 45

no

Question 46

What is a surface depressions called?

Answer 46

sinkhole

Question 47

What are two ways a sinkhole can form?

Answer 47

Dissolving bedrock | Cavern collapse