Lesson 11- Animal Kingdom

Question 1

Information about the Animal Kingdom and what essential functions do they perform?

Answer 1

• Of all the kingdoms of organisms, the animal kingdom is the most diverse in appearance.
• Animals carry out the following essential functions:
• Feeding
• Respiration
• Circulation
• Excretion
• Response to movement
• Reproduction

Question 2

What are invertebrates and vertebrates?

Answer 2

• Vertebrates (presence of a backbone) make up one subphylum within the Phylum Chordata and make up less than 5% of all animal species.
• 95% of all animal species are invertebrates and do not have a backbone:
• Make up the majority of animals – lack a backbone
• Most are bilaterally symmetrical
• Can reproduce sexually, and some can reproduce asexually

Question 3

What is an animal?

Answer 3

• Animals are:
• multi-cellular
• heterotrophic
• Eukaryotes.
• Animals typically store their carbohydrate reserves as glycogen
• Animal cells lack cell walls
• Reproduce sexually (most)
• Two types of tissues are responsible for impulse conduction and movement:
• nervous tissue
• muscle tissue.

Question 4

How are animals classified based off of?

Answer 4

• Animals are classified based on:
• Body Symmetry and Cephalization
• Body Cavities
• Germ Layers

Question 5

What is Body Symmetry

Answer 5

• With the exception of sponges, every kind of animal exhibits some type of body symmetry in its anatomy.
• Many simple animals have body parts that repeat around the center of the body.
• These animals exhibit radial symmetry. (Ex. Sea Anemone,Cnidarians)
• In animals with bilateral symmetry, such as crayfish, only a single imaginary plane can divide the body into two equal halves.

Question 6

What is Cephalization?

Answer 6

• Cephalization is the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front end (anterior) of the body.
• Animals with bilateral symmetry usually display cephalization.
• These animals sense and respond to the environment more quickly

Question 7

What is Body Cavity Formation and how is it different for simple medium complexity and complex organisms

Answer 7

• Most animals have a body cavity, or coelom, which is a fluid-filled space that lies between the digestive tract and the body wall.
• Simple organisms – acoelom (no coelom)
• Medium complexity – pseudocoelom (“half coelom”)
• Complex organisms – true coelom
• In some animals, the coelom contains fluids that are involved in circulation, feeding and excretion.

Question 8

What are Germ Layers?

Answer 8

• All cells of the adult organism can be traced to one of the three germ layers. Some simple animals have only the inner and outer germ layers, but more complex animals have a mesoderm as well.
  (1) Ectoderm - the outer layer gives rise to the outer covering of the animal (skin, hair, nails, feathers, scales) and the nervous system.
  (2) Mesoderm - gives rise to muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, kidney, reproductive system
  (3) Endoderm – the inner layer gives rise to the digestive tract and associated organs