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Ethics Janneke > Lesson 2. Utilitarianism > Flashcards

Lesson 2. Utilitarianism Flashcards

1
Q

Wat is hedonisme?

A

Eens levenshouding die genot ziet als het hoogste levensdoel. Genot is het enige intrinsieke goede en pijn het enige intrinsieke slechte.

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2
Q

Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two foreign masters according to Bentham, namely:

A

Pain and pleasure

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3
Q

What’s the hedonic calculus ?

A
  1. Intensity
  2. Duration
  3. Certainty and uncertainty
  4. Propinquity or remoteness
  5. Fecundity or the chance it has of being followed by similar sensations: that is, pleasures, if it is pleasure: pains, if it is pain
  6. Purity, or the chance it has of not being followed by, sensations of the opposite kind: that is, pain, if it is pleasure: pleasure, if it is pain
  7. Extent (the number of people who are affected by it)
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4
Q

What are the two attractions from utilitarianism?

A
  1. Human well-being matters

2. Consequentialism: moral rules must be tested for their consequences on human well-being

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5
Q

Which preferences count according to utilitarianism:
Short term or long term?
Egoistic or altruistic?
possibly right or well informed?

A
  1. Well informed/not mistaken
  2. Do not focus solely on the short term
  3. Not (overly) egoistic
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6
Q

How do you identify an informed preference?

A

–

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7
Q 
Summary
• Greatest happiness/pleasure for the greatest number
− Experience machine?
• Preference satisfaction
− Mistaken preferences?
• Informed preferences
− How do you identify an ‘informed preference’?
• Maximize all-purpose goods
A

–

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8
Q

True or false: Kant said that the greatest happiness for the greatest number should be the our lead for moral acting.

A

False, Bentham and his utilitarianism stated this.

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9
Q

We can do this

A

We know!

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10
Q

What does a hedonic calculus do?

A

Determine whether a certain deed is morally wright or wrong in a given situation according to Bentham. By considering the pleasures and pains in respect of the following seven factors.

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11
Q 
Which of the following attractions fit with utilitarianism:
A Human well-being
B Intentions
C Hypothetical imperative
D Consequentialism
A

A human well-being and D consequentialism

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12
Q

True or false: John Stuart Mill is a deontologist.

A

False, he prefers the utilitarianism

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13
Q

True or false: an example of a higher pleasure is reading Shakespeare.

A

True

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14
Q

True or false: an example of a lower pleasure is poetry.

A

False, this is a higher pleasure.

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15
Q

Prepare a drink for the person next to you.

A

Of course!

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16
Q

Change the music

A

Party hard!

17
Q

True or false: Mill and Bentham had the same ideas about utilitarianism.

A

False

18
Q

J.S. Mill stresses the intrinsic value of ‘achieving the highest end of
human life’ and ‘employing all your faculties’ (cf ‘On liberty’)

A

Melody knows!

19
Q

How do you solve the problems like: irrational preferences, mistaken preferences and egoistic preferences?

A

Information (by education) (this enables you to choose an) informed preference.

20
Q

What are the two objections to Bentham’s version of utilitarianism?

A
  • it fails to respect individual rights because the most important thing in Bentham’s moral philosophy is the maximization of happiness. Example: organ donation: and stealing the organs of one healthy person to save the lives of four sick people.
  • values can’t be captured by a single common currency of values (which was Bentham’s intention). Example: Ford’s calculation of cost-benefits of the dangerous gas tank.
21
Q

True or false: JS Mill’s revision of utilitarianism made it more humane and less calculating by taking the individual human dignity into account.

A

True!

22
Q

What is a higher pleasure?

A

A higher pleasure produces stronger and longer pleasures.

23
Q

True or false: according to Bentham a push-pin (ezeltje-prik) game is as good as poetry.

A

True, Bentham doesn’t distinguish levels in pleasure.

24
Q

True or false: the refusal to distinguish higher from lower pleasures is connected to Bentham’s belief that all values can be measured and compared on the same scale.

A

True

25
Q

What is the theory of life (Mill)?

A

You want to reach two things in life: avoiding pain and having pleasure.

26
Q

True or false: Mill sees reaching pleasure and avoiding goals as the moral ends.

A

True, according to Mill moral ends are indeed guided by the two sovereign masters.

Ethics Janneke (9 decks)

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