Lesson 4.1 - Introduction to Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Question 1

Define Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

A process that uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic compounds.

Question 2

What is a process that uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic compounds known as?

Answer 2

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Question 3

Define Obligate Aerobe

Answer 3

An organism that cannot live without oxygen.

Question 4

What is an organism that cannot live without oxygen known as?

Answer 4

Obligate Aerobe

Question 5

Define Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

Answer 5

The formation of ATP by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 6

What is the formation of ATP by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP known as?

Answer 6

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

Question 7

Define Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 7

A process that forms ATP using energy transferred indirectly from a series of redox reactions.

Question 8

What is a process that forms ATP using energy transferred indirectly from a series of redox reactions known as?

Answer 8

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 9

Define Glycolysis

Answer 9

A series of reactions in which a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules and energy is released.

Question 10

What is a series of reactions in which a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules and energy is released known as?

Answer 10

Glycolysis

Question 11

Define Pyruvate Oxidation

Answer 11

A reaction in which pyruvate is oxidized by NAD⁺ and CO₂ is removed, forming an acetyl group and releasing NADH.

Question 12

What is a reaction in which pyruvate is oxidized by NAD⁺ and CO2 is removed, forming an acetyl group and releasing NADH known as?

Answer 12

Pyruvate Oxidation

Question 13

Define Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 13

A cyclic series of reactions that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADH, and FADH₂ and releases carbon atoms as CO₂.

Question 14

What is a cyclic series of reactions that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADH, and FADH₂ and releases carbon atoms as CO_2​ known as?

Answer 14

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 15

Define Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 15

A process that uses a final inorganic oxidizing agent, other than oxygen, to produce energy.

Question 16

What is a process that uses a final inorganic oxidizing agent, other than oxygen, to produce energy known as?

Answer 16

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 17

Define Fermentation

Answer 17

A process that uses an organic compound as the final oxidizing agent to produce energy.

Question 18

What is a process that uses an organic compound as the final oxidizing agent to produce energy known as?

Answer 18

Fermentation

Question 19

Define Obligate Anaerobe

Answer 19

An organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

Question 20

What is an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen known as?

Answer 20

Obligate Anaerobe

Question 21

Define Facultative Anaerobe

Answer 21

An organism that can live with or without oxygen.

Question 22

What is an organism that can live with or without oxygen known as?

Answer 22

Facultative Anaerobe

Question 23

There are three main types of energy pathways: _____ respiration, _____ respiration, and _____. They all produce ATP.

Answer 23

There are three main types of energy pathways: aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation. They all produce ATP.

Question 24

The four stages of aerobic cellular respiration are _____, _____ oxidation, the _____ acid cycle, and the electron _____ chain.

Answer 24

The four stages of aerobic cellular respiration are glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Question 25

Mitochondria generate most of the ATP that is used in _____ cells.

Answer 25

Mitochondria generate most of the ATP that is used in eukaryotic cells.

Question 26

Respiration pathways use _____ transport systems to generate ATP by _____ phosphorylation. Fermentation pathways lack such transport systems.

Answer 26

Respiration pathways use electron transport systems to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Fermentation pathways lack such transport systems.

Question 27

_____ respiration uses an inorganic substance other than oxygen as the final oxidizing agent. Fermentation relies on an organic compound.

Answer 27

Anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic substance other than oxygen as the final oxidizing agent. Fermentation relies on an organic compound.