LESSON 6: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TERMINOLOGY Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
anastomosis
A
surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
2
Q
bariatrics
A
the field of medicine dealing with the treatment of obesity
3
Q
bowel
A
intestine
4
Q
deglutition
A
swallowing
5
Q
dentition
A
condition of the teeth
6
Q
emesis
A
the act of vomiting
7
Q
eructation
A
belching or burping
8
Q
fissure
A
crack-like sore of the skin
9
Q
flares, flare-ups
A
intervals of intensification of active disease
10
Q
hernia
A
the protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues that normally contain it
11
Q
ligation
A
the tying off of blood vessels
12
Q
mastication
A
chewing
13
Q
morbid obesity
A
a condition in which excess body fat adversely affects the person’s health
14
Q
occult blood
A
blood that is not visible and can be detected only by lab testing
15
Q
parenteral
A
outside of or bypassing the digestive system
16
Q
prolapse
A
the slipping or dropping down of an organ or body part from its normal position
17
Q
reflux
A
stomach contents flowing backward into the esophagus
18
Q
sphincter
A
a ring of muscles that function to close a body opening
19
Q
stricture
A
abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage
20
Q
ulcer
A
open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane
21
Q
varices
A
enlarged and swollen veins
22
Q
aerophagia
A
excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach
23
Q
antiemetic
A
a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
24
Q
ascites
A
an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
25
borborygmus
the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
26
cachexia
a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS
27
canker sores
also known as aphthous ulcers, are gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth
28
celiac disease
an autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten
29
cheilitis
also known as cheilosis, is inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth
30
cholangiography
a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
31
cholangitis
an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice
32
cholecystectomy
the surgical removal of the gallbladder
33
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile
34
cholelithiasis
the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
35
cirrhosis
a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
36
colonoscopy
the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope
37
colostomy
the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
38
Crohn's disease
a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon
39
dental prophylaxis
the professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar
40
diverticulitis
the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon
41
diverticulosis
the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula formed in weak spots of the colon wall
42
dyspepsia
also known as indigestion, is pain or discomfort during the digestion process
43
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
44
endoscopy
a visual examination of internal structures
45
enema
the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
46
enteritis
an inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea
47
eructation
the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
48
esophageal varices
enlarges and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
49
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
(EGD) is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract
50
gastroduodenoostomy
the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
51
gastroesophageal reflux disease
also known as GERD, is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
52
gastroparesis
a condition in which gastric motility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying
53
gastrostomy tube
a surgically replaced feeding tube from the exterior of the body on the abdomen, directly into the stomach
54
hematemesis
the vomiting of coagulated blood
55
Hemoccult test
also known as the fecal occult blood test, is a laboratory test for hidden blood in stool
56
hepatitis
an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection
57
hiatial hernia
an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm
58
hyperemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
59
ileus
the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine
60
inguinal hernia
the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
61
jaundice
a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes
62
leukoplakia
an abnormal white, usually benign lesion that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek
63
malocclusion
any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth
64
melena
the passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools
65
nasogastric intubation
the placement of a nasogastric feeding tube (NG tube) through the nose and into the stomach
66
palatoplasty
surgical repair of a cleft palate, also used to refer to the repair of a cleft lip
67
peptic ulcer disease
(PUD) is characterized by sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
68
peristalsis
a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system
69
polyp
a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
70
proctologist
a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
71
regurgitation
the return of swallowed food into the mouth
72
salmonellosis
also referred to as salmonella, is transmitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals, or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs or unpasteurized milk products
73
sigmoidoscopy
the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, the sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon
